488 SOMATOLOGY 



while the newborn child-science just come into a family already 

 of large number, the new individuality which had announced its 

 presence by taking a seat at the "Banquet of Life/' became the 

 object of most gloomy reflections. Was there any need for a new 

 science? At least, was it legitimate? The philosophers expressed 

 their doubts and declared its demise highly probable if not alto- 

 gether desirable. 



Controversies of this kind, at the time in which they arose, were 

 extremely dangerous, because rebuttal could not then be made 

 immediately. 



But anthropology none the less continues effectively to mani- 

 fest its individuality. The very fact that it could not find place 

 in the university curricula only enhanced its importance and its 

 novelty. Its affirmation alone signified widespread interest well 

 worthy of the efforts put forth in its behalf. It is but just to put 

 this fact in line with the anthropological work accomplished in 

 France, and that at least, so it seems to me is why I so often 

 hear foreign scientists give expression to their astonishment on 

 seeing Broca's three institutions still piled up in the garret of this 

 edifice. Their commiseration is free from the scorn felt in the con- 

 templation of a cellar. But is it not with the cellar that a begin- 

 ning must be made? Were this cellar without its superstructure, 

 it would merely be a cave unfit for habitation. 



To the unthinking let it be said that when they see anthropo- 

 logy comfortably established in its proper place in the curriculum 

 of the new universities, or even when they see the older universities 

 enhance the opportunities and means for the culture and spread of 

 anthropological science, they ought not to forget that this progress 

 had, somewhere upon this globe, a very humble beginning. 



If I again lay stress upon the "hard times" of anthropology, 

 it is to characterize better the phase which these represented in 

 the evolution of the study of man, and better to show that this 

 phase of "individualization" ought to continue in the broadest 

 manner possible. 



In its beginning in France, anthropology could not develop 

 into complete form at one fell stroke. Had it not been for the moral 

 support which arose in its favor, it could not have succeeded in 

 maintaining itself on a parallel with the brilliant progress accom- 

 plished in the same field in foreign lands. A score of anthropo- 

 logical societies now exist, and there is not a large university which 

 does not possess a laboratory for anthropological anatomy, albeit 

 included in one of those anatomical institutes where human ana- 

 tomy exclusively is fostered. All that is directly related to the 

 study of man in such institutes belongs to the domain of anthropo- 

 logy, and if it appears otherwise it is due to the incompleteness of 



