THE INDIVIDUALITY OF ANTHROPOLOGY 489 



the individualization of the science of man. It is a remnant of the 

 very natural adherence of a pure science to the art from which it 

 was in large part originally derived, and which, in its turn, owes to 

 the former its principal progress. Withal, the pure science ought 

 therefore to become as completely emancipated as we find ana- 

 tomy to be, by way of example, in Oxford. As seen from the point 

 of view of its medical and surgical applications, pure anthropology 

 does not cease to be at all distinct from human anatomy. The 

 applied science gains quite as much as the pure science, for that 

 part of human anatomy which the physicians freely abandon to 

 the anthropologists now is sure to be of great interest to the medi- 

 cine of the future. But the other arts will share in this interest, 

 and that is another reason why it will not forever remain restricted 

 to the medical art, a necessarily restricted field. 



In some universities, with reference to the teaching of the science, 

 anthropology begins to find the special place of which it stood in 

 need in the laboratories and chairs of anatomy. And while it is an 

 important step, and the first great step, it is only a first step in 

 advance. 



To explain further, anatomy must necessarily and constantly 

 introduce a considerable portion of physiology, just as the study 

 of the bodily functions and their variations requires the anatom- 

 ical point of view. As a direct study of function, physiology is 

 therefore distinct from anatomy in that the development of physi- 

 ological study, particularly of man, soon solicits for human physi- 

 ology the same favor that has been accorded to human anatomy 

 at Oxford. A twin establishment of this kind could well be called an 

 anthropological institute. Nevertheless, it would still be incomplete, 

 for physiology, in its turn, calls for the complementary science, 

 psychology, and the latter pervades sociology. All these form a 

 continuous chain, which of necessity is further complicated by 

 the consideration of aberrant and abnormal cases, so numerous 

 in the human species, and which are not solely of interest in the 

 medico-chirurgical sense. 



I cannot here discuss at length the questions concerning uni- 

 versity arrangements which the individualization of anthropo- 

 logy would involve. I have said enough to show that it has only 

 been begun and that its continuation will require much effort in 

 its behalf for some time to come. The initial phase to which I refer 

 stands in great need of amplification in a number of countries and 

 under better conditions before its continuance is assured. Every 

 advance, in anatomical anthropology, for example, will do more 

 than help to perfect its own division; progressive developments 

 of this kind would give evidence of the relations of that division 

 with others not yet provided, and would also contribute to the 



