THE INDIVIDUALITY OF ANTHROPOLOGY 495 



sociology completes our knowledge of man without being included 

 in anthropology, for it is differentiated in so far as it is a phenomo- 

 logical study; that is to say, in so far as it is an investigation of the 

 laws governing a particular kind of phenomena. 



This completes my statement with reference to the place occupied 

 by sociology in its relations with anthropology in my memoir of 

 1889 cited above. 



Despite the impossibility of introducing here any detailed de- 

 velopment, it is seen that the relations of anthropology with the 

 neighboring sciences no longer present any difficulties if we take for 

 our basis of argument the general classification of the sciences and 

 the logical necessity which has given place to the division of the 

 two sciences in two series whose relations remain constant from 

 first to last. 



So we find the individuality of anthropology guarded from stray- 

 ing out of the path of progress. This I will show further in my 

 concluding words. 



Anthropology concerns itself purely with anatomical, physiolog- 

 ical, psychological, and sociological differences. When we consider 

 the human species as a whole, or the races, sexes, or any categories 

 whatsoever, or finally the individual, the special study of human 

 beings always consists in a differentiation from various points of 

 view determined by the different kinds of phenomena which these 

 beings present. That is to say, from the quadruple anatomo-physio- 

 psycho-sociological point of view. Such is the individuality of 

 anthropology. 



Hence we now see why the conception of this individuality is of 

 such extreme importance. Here again I base my demonstration 

 upon the facts which have determined the formation of the two 

 categories of sciences; for all the special sciences are the result of 

 an individualization similar to that which anthropology ought to 

 possess. 



The characters presented by all kinds of beings are not isolated 

 from each other. There are interconnections, interacting influences 

 and correlations whose study is indispensable in the acquisition of 

 knowledge worthy of the name and helpful to our purpose. 



Minerals, for example, present characters of geometrical, me- 

 chanical, physical, and chemical kinds. But neither geometry, 

 mechanics, chemistry, nor physics can replace mineralogy; first, 

 because each of these sciences has purpose totally different from 

 the knowledge of minerals, and interests itself in it onjy so far as it 

 may profit thereby; secondly, because each of these general sciences 

 does not regard, and is not capable of regarding, a mineral from 

 any other than one point of view; thirdly, because the various kinds 



