THE PROBLEMS OF SOMATOLOGY 501 



while the exhibits of the Japanese in this Exposition and their 

 success in the field of arms during the year have marked them truly 

 the equal of any whites now living. Surely it is time that the white 

 race recognized the fact that anatomically it is not superior to the 

 other races; that its seeming superiority is due to a fortunate series 

 of circumstances extending over thousands of years, and that equally 

 favorable circumstances are likely to arise in the future which will 

 make it possible for a race other than the white to assume a domin- 

 ating position. 



Upon the grounds of this Exposition are representatives of many 

 peoples of Asia, of Africa, of Europe, of many of the Islands of 

 the Pacific, and of America, from the Eskimo of the northern ex- 

 tremes to the Patagonians of the south. How are these people 

 related by blood? What relationship does the Eskimo sustain to the 

 Patagonian? Why is the color of the skin of the Negro black, and 

 why does it remain black? Why is it that any one tolerably con- 

 versant with the peoples of the earth may distinguish at a glance 

 a native American from a native of any other people in the world? 

 These are some of the problems of somatology, and the great funda- 

 mental problem of somatology is the determination and definition 

 of different types of man in different countries, and, if it be pos- 

 sible, the explanations of the causes of these different types. The 

 problem, then, is largely one of classification, the object of classi- 

 fication being to establish types of the varieties of mankind. As has 

 already been said, this classification is not based on language; nor 

 is it based on ethnology, but it is based on the blood relationship of 

 the different types. The great advantage secured by this somato- 

 logical classification will be along the direction of the reconstruction 

 of the history of the origin and mixture of human types, and even 

 possibly the establishment of certain types which will be found 

 to have remained permanent during a very long period of time. 

 Again the problem may be defined as an investigation into human 

 characteristics which will enable us to determine, first, the types 

 of mankind in every part of the world, and, second, to group these 

 types into races. We may first consider the classifications of the races 

 of mankind which have been presented up to the present time; 

 secondly, the methods or criteria which are applicable to and form 

 the basis of the determination of types and the classification of 

 races. 



In the brief historical review I am about to make of the various 

 schemes of classification which have been proposed for mankind, 

 it may be stated at the outset that certain problems which formerly 

 engaged the serious attention of somatologists may now be assumed 

 as settled, or of such nature as to warrant postponement of their 

 solution pending the accumulation of further data. That man 



