534 ARCHEOLOGY 



at Castillo de Teayo, in a district all around which the Huaxtecs 

 had taken possession, where we met with Mixcouatl, the hunting- 

 god, Chicomecouatl, the goddess of corn, Tlaloc, the rain-god, 

 Couatlicue, the water-goddess, Xipe Totec, the earth-god or spirit 

 of the fields, and Macuil xochitl, the god of chance, all well- 

 known types of the Mexican highlands; and reliefs were cut on 

 stone plates which seemed almost copies of the Magliabecchiano 

 Codex, the old Mexican picture manuscript of the Biblioteca Na- 

 zionale at Florence. The accounts given in Tezozomoc's Cronica 

 Mexicana, of warlike expeditions of the Mexican kings by way 

 of Huauhchinango into the lands of the Huaxtecs from Tziuhcouac 

 and Tochpan, were now intelligibly verified. To the south of Vera 

 Cruz Hermann Strebel has demonstrated another distinct ele- 

 ment of population in the Mistequilla, the district of Tlaliscoyan, 

 which presumably corresponds to the Olmeca Uixtotin of Mexican 

 tradition, clay figures with broad, smiling faces and artistically 

 shaved patterns on their heads, of which the Musee du Trocadero 

 has the richest collection among European museums. Next come 

 the districts, not as yet thoroughly investigated from the arche- 

 ological standpoint, of San Andres Tuxtla and Coatzacualco; and 

 at Tabasco the Maya region begins, with its wealth of monuments, 

 stone buildings, facades covered with reliefs, and the long series 

 of calculiform hieroglyphics which lend themselves to such effect- 

 ive decorative arrangements. And then suddenly appears, in the 

 midst of this definitely Maya civilization, in the famous ruins of 

 Chich'en Itza in eastern Yucatan, a style of figures and a hiero- 

 glyphic which correspond to those of the Codex Borgia group and 

 the group typified by the Vienna manuscript; with snake columns 

 and caryatides reminding one of those of Tula, the famous old 

 centre of civilization, already ruined at the time of the conquest, 

 and connecting with the legends of the Toltecs, the oldest civil- 

 ized race found on Mexican soil. Desire Charnay observes that 

 here we have in concrete form the accounts of the wanderings of 

 the Toltecs towards the coast-lands, the stories of the ilamatinime 

 tonatiuh iixco yaque, the wise men whom their god directed to go 

 to meet the sun, i. e., towards the east. 



The districts already described, lying around the Gulf of Mexico, 

 form but a small part of the region inhabited by civilized races. 

 Further investigations are still lacking to carry us along the road 

 which leads from the old trade centre of Xicalanco to the Laguna 

 de Terminos over the Pete"n into Central America. And we are 

 still imperfectly informed as to the routes by which the merchant 

 caravans from Cholula and Mexico made their way to Anauac 

 Xicalanco, the lands along the gold-coast, and on the other side 

 to Anauac Ayotlan, the coast-strip on the Pacific, and to Guate- 



