548 ETHNOLOGY 



ing is freely admitted. For the most part it is met by the sugges- 

 tion that the local types of man, occurring in small but definite 

 areas, are sub-types of the great continental type within the dis- 

 trict of which they occur. They are not, however, only minor 

 types diverging from the fundamental under the action of dif- 

 fering, little, environmental areas; they are also, some of them 

 originally, differing immigrants who are converging toward the con- 

 tinental type under the larger environmental area. Study Deniker's 

 ten European types with this double possibilitj' in mind. 



No one can better appreciate than myself the difficulty pre- 

 sented by the existence in one and another continent of long- 

 settled, well-marked human types differing completely from the 

 continental type, and apparently showing no tendency to approx- 

 imate to it. My Ainu are a case in point. They are a white-skinned, 

 hairy-bodied, bearded, "straight-eyed " people, who were in Japan 

 before the Japanese. Why have they not assumed the yellow 

 skin, glabrous body, and "oblique eyes" of the Asian race? The 

 fact that we cannot say does not shake my faith in the reality of 

 continental types nor my belief that these will be continuously 

 reproduced, in general, by the action of the continental environ- 

 ment upon new masses of immigrants. 



At all events, these three points are submitted for considera- 

 tion, our debt to the prehuman ancestors, the close relation 

 between local human, animal, and plant groups, and the ques- 

 tion of the existence and significance of continental types of man. 



