554 ETHNOLOGY 



Folklore bears the same relation to the study of comparative 

 custom and belief that archeology does to ethnology and history, 

 but with this difference, that the main data of archeology are 

 tangible objects, whereas those of folklore are intangible: folklore 

 may thus be described as psychical archeology. To take a zoolog- 

 ical parallel, archeology and folklore bear the same relation to 

 ethnology as paleontology bears to zoology, for the latter includes 

 the study of the survivals of earlier types as well as the more 

 differentiated forms that constitute the enormous majority of exist- 

 ing animals. 



The historian, also, whether he deals with the history of an- 

 cient civilizations, or even with that of early Europe, is dependent 

 upon the archeologist, not only for the explanation of his docu- 

 mentary accounts, but for the accumulation of fresh data. The 

 classical scholar, the Egyptologist, the Assyriologist, and others 

 who interest themselves in the resurrection of past action and 

 belief fully recognize that the remains unearthed by the spade 

 are of as much value to their studies as are written documents. 

 No better example of this can be found than in the monumental 

 translation and commentary of Pausanias's Description of Greece 

 by Dr. J. G. Frazer, in which the text of the somewhat common- 

 place Greek sight-seer is illumined with a great wealth of arche- 

 ological lore, and the strange incidents recorded by the ancient 

 writer are matched by suggestive parallels from European folk- 

 lore or from the vast storehouse of Dr. Frazer's ethnological eru- 

 dition. 



"What a 'cabinet of specimens' is to a professor of mineralogy, 

 what an 'anatomical museum' is to a professor of anatomy, the 

 tribes of the South Sea Islands may be to the professor of history, 

 whether he teach from a chair or by means of a printed book. If 

 only a small fraction of the time and intellectual effort devoted 

 to the investigation of obscure points in the history of early Egypt, 

 early Mesopotamia, early Greece, or early Italy or indeed of 

 early Britain had been added to the little which has been de- 

 voted to South Sea Island investigations of a similar kind, those 

 points would have been cleared up more easily." So writes Vice- 

 Admiral Sir Cyprian Bridge 1 and he proceeds to adduce exam- 

 Harvard University maintains that carbons from arc lamps are a sure prevent- 

 ive of neuralgia." Frank Russell, President's Address, American Folk-Lore 

 Society, Science, 1902, p. 569. "In many motor-cars is suspended a perforated 

 stone, usually a sea-rolled flint with a natural bore; this stone is supposed to 

 act as protective amulet. It is supposed to confer safety on the fastest traveling 

 motor-car, and there is many a speedy driver who in his heart ascribes his im- 

 munity from accidents to the strange power of the perforated pebble." Daily 

 Chronicle (London), March 14, 1903. 



1 Cyprian A. G. Bridge, Introduction to The Caroline Islands, by F. W. Christian, 

 1899, p. 6. 



