768 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 



wise known, the subject not being in absentmindedness. It is not 

 within the scope of an address of this sort to give the details of these 

 observations, but in this connection I may state briefly a summary 

 of the evidence, reserving the complete observations for future 

 publication. It was found that 



(1) A large number of perceptions visual, auditory ; tactile 

 .and thermal images, and sometimes emotional states occurred 

 outside of the personal consciousness, and therefore the subject 

 was not conscious of them when awake. The visual images were 

 particularly those of the peripheral vision, such as the extra-con- 

 scious perception of a person in the street, who was not recognized 

 by the personal waking consciousness; or the perception of ob- 

 jects intentionally placed in the field of peripheral vision and not 

 perceived by the subject, whose attention was held in conversation. 

 Auditory images of passing carriages, of voices, footsteps, etc., 

 thermal images of heat and cold from the body, were similarly 

 found to exist extra-consciously, and to be entirely unknown to the 

 personal waking consciousness. 



(2) As to the content of the concomitant (dissociated) ideas, it 

 appeared by the testimony of the hypnotic self that as compared 

 with those of the waking consciousness the secondary ideas were 

 quite limited. They were, as is always the experience of the sub- 

 ject, made up for the most part of emotions (e. g., annoyances), 

 and sensations (visual, auditory, and tactile images of a room, of 

 particular persons, people's voices, etc.). They were not com- 

 bined into a logical proposition, though in using words to describe 

 them it is necessary so to combine them and therefore give them 

 a rather artificial character as " thoughts." It is questionable whether 

 the word " thoughts " may be used to describe mental states of this 

 kind, and the word was used by the hypnotic self subject to this 

 qualification. Commonly, I should infer, a succession of such 

 "thoughts" may arise, but each is for the most part limited to 

 isolated emotions and sensorial images and lacks the complexity 

 and synthesis of the waking mentation. 



(3) The memories, emotions, and perceptions of which the sub- 

 ject is not conscious when awake are remembered in hypnosis and 

 described. The thoughts of which the subject is conscious when 

 awake are those which are concentrated on what she is doing. The 

 others, of which she is not conscious, are sort of side thoughts. 

 These are not logically connected among themselves, are weak, 

 and have little influence on the personal (chief) train of thought. 

 Now although when awake the subject is conscious of some thoughts 

 and not of others, both kinds keep running into one another, and 

 therefore the conscious and the subconscious are constantly unit- 

 ing, disuniting, and interchanging. There is no hard and fast line 



