252 PSYCHIATRY 



Ideation is the elementary mental process involved in all work 

 of the representative faculty. The products of this are mental 

 images or ideas. (Ladd.) 



Conception is the function by which we identify a numerically 

 distinct and permanent subject- of discourse. (James.) 



Concepts are the thoughts which are the vehicles of conception. 

 (James.) 



A concept is a general notion or general idea. (Sully, Romanes.) 



A concept is an image or general idea into which there have 

 entered elements which have been isolated by analysis. The term 

 soldier may stand for a percept or concept according as there are 

 associated with it qualities not identified with a particular soldier. 

 (Morgan.) 



A concept (Begriffbildung) is cognition of a universal as distin- 

 guished from the particulars which it unifies. The universal ap- 

 prehended in this way is called a concept. It unifies a distinction 

 between the universal and the particular. 



In philosophy it is common to apply the word more widely, so 

 as to cover the universal element in knowledge, e. g., the categories 

 of Kant were called concepts. 



In psychology, John Roe is a particular concept; a triangle is 

 a general concept. (Stout, Baldwin.) 



Reason, in English, means often reasoning or reflective thought, 

 less often intuitive and certain knowledge. (Diet, of Psychology.) 



Reason is a form of knowledge which apprehends in one imme- 

 diate act the whole system, both premise and inference, and thus 

 has complete and unconditioned validity. 



This distinguishes it from understanding (Ver stand), which is a 

 form of knowledge that is discursive, and hence based on premises 

 and hypotheses not themselves the basis of reflection. (J. D., Diet, 

 of Psychology.) 



Reason (Verstand, Xoyos) is that faculty or process of mind which 

 consists in the drawing of inferences. (G. E. M., B. Diet, of Psych- 

 ology.) 



There are other more restricted definitions given : 



Reason is to pass from certain judgments to a new one. (Sully.) 



Reason includes the formation of a judgment or concept, not 

 inference, then passing from it to a new one. (Morgan.) 



Judgment (Urtheilskraft, Urtheil). The mental function and act 

 of assertion and predication. The term is also applied to the re- 

 sulting assertion as well as to the process or function. Judgment 

 as a mental process is similar to belief. (Baldwin.) 



Modern psychologists find it difficult to define belief and judg- 

 ment without overlapping, and French psychologists class delusions 

 or false beliefs as disorders of judgment. 



