HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS 501 



The German language furnished a master-work in Bednar's 

 Die Krankheiten der Neugebornen und Sduglinge, 1850-53. A. Vogel 

 and C. Gerhardt, both general clinical teachers, gave each a text- 

 book in 1860, Henoch in 1861; and Steffen in 1865-70, published 

 a series of classical essays. 



The number of men interested in the study and teaching of pedia- 

 trics grew in proportion to the researches and wants of the profession 

 at large. That is why three large and influential cyclopedias, the 

 works of many authors, found a ready market, namely, C. Gerhardt's 

 Handbuch der Kinder-Krankheiten , 1877-93; John M. Keating's 

 Cyclopedia of the Diseases of Children Medical and Surgical, 1889-90, 

 and I. Grancher's and I. Comby's Traite des Maladies des Enfants, in 

 five volumes, the second edition of which is being printed this 

 very year. 



The collective and periodic literature of pediatrics began a"t a com- 

 paratively early time. There was a period towards the end of the 

 eighteenth century when the influence of Albrecht von Haller seemed 

 to start a new life for German medical literature before it lost itself 

 again in the intellectual darkness of Schelling's natural philosophy, 

 from which it took all the powers of French enthusiasm and research, 

 and the epoch-making labors of Skoda, Rokitansky, and finally 

 Virchow, to resuscitate it. About that early time of Haller, there 

 appeared in Liegnitz, 1793, a collection of interesting treatises 

 on some important diseases of children (Sammlung interessanter 

 Abhandlungen uber etliche mchtige Kinderkrankheiten). France 

 followed in 1811 with a collection bearing the title La Clinique des 

 Hopitaux des enfants, et revue retrospective medico-chirurgicale et 

 hygienique. Publiees sous les auspices et par les medecins et chirur- 

 giens des hopitaux consacres aux maladies des enfants. Next in 

 order are five volumes of Franz Joseph von Metzler's Sammlung 

 auserlesener -Abhandlungen uber Kinderkrankheiten, 1833-36 ; twelve 

 fascicles under the title Analekten iiber Kinderkrankheiten oder 

 Sammlung ausgewdhlter Abhandlungen uber die Krankheiten des 

 Kindlichen Alters ; la clinique des Hopitaux des enfants, Redacteur 

 en chef Vanier, Paris, 1841; and I. Behrend and A. Hildebrandt, 

 Journal fur Kinderkrankheiten, which appeared regularly from 184 

 to 1872. It gave way to the Jahrbuch fiir Kinderheilkunde, which 

 appeared in quick and regular succession from 1858 to the present 

 time. Three series of Austrian journals between 1855 and 1876 con- 

 sisted of a dozen volumes only. They contain among other important 

 contributions the very valuable essays of Ritter von Rittershayn, 

 who deserved more recognition during his life and more credit after 

 his death, for his honesty, industry, and originality, than he attained. 

 Special pediatric journals have multiplied since. The United 

 States has two, France three, Germany five, Italy two, Spain one. 



