TENDENCIES OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 693 



practical knowledge for living and working together has begun to 

 be directly inculcated in the teaching of our technical and public 

 schools. 



The cooperative societies for social research, discussion, and pub- 

 lication have differentiated along the lines of their theoretical and 

 practical specialties. While the Social Science Association continues 

 to cover its very general field, the American Statistical Association, 

 the American Economic Association, and the American Academy 

 of Political and Social Science have added greatly to the expert 

 personnel and equipment of their several departments of research. 

 The recent organization in London and also in America of the 

 " Sociological Society " for the study of social theory, and the " In- 

 stitute of Social Service," suggested by and modeled after the prac- 

 tical purpose and methods of the society bearing the same name in 

 New York, assures needed reinforcement at the great centres of 

 observation and scientific resource in the Old World. 



The most natural and timely sequels of these industrial and social 

 movements are the schools which are arising at the greatest centres 

 of activity to offer both general courses and technical training in 

 the theory, history, and practice of what deserve to be called the 

 social arts. The demand for trained helpers is being widely increased, 

 not only by the growing opportunities and exactions of these mani- 

 fold agencies, but also by the extension of the civil service law to 

 cover positions in public, charitable, and reformatory institutions. 

 But the offer of the supply of trained helpers is the surest way to 

 create the demand for them where it does not exist. 



One of the earliest initiatives in this direction was taken by Miss 

 Helen Gladstone at the London Woman's University Settlement, in 

 conducting a small training-class from year to year, the graduates 

 of .which immediately found positions of trust and usefulness through- 

 out the kingdom. The Charity Organization Society of that city 

 has recently brought about the cooperation of this class with the 

 " School of Economics," some departments of the University of 

 London, and its own expert force, to establish a " School of Sociology 

 and Social Economics," which is in the second year of successful 

 operation. In New York City a well-patronized summer school, 

 conducted for several years by the Charity Organization Society, 

 has evolved the " School of Philanthropy." In its very full curric- 

 ulum, covering the whole academic year, it has the cooperation of 

 the Columbia University faculty and the Association of Neighbor- 

 hood Workers, both of which, independently, offer some courses of 

 similar instruction. In Boston the study class of the Charity 

 Organization Society has been the pioneer effort, which is now to be 

 supplemented by the " Training-School for Social Workers," jointly 

 conducted by Harvard University and Simmons College for Women. 



