342 BACTERIAL DISEASES OF PLANTS 



and I have seen it in France. It is very common also in South 

 Africa (Miss Ethel M. Doidge). Prof. Gentaro Yamada, who 

 has seen Arnaud's experiments in Paris, tells me that the dis- 

 ease is common on the mulberry in Japan. It probably occurs 

 also in Italy, Russia, and Australia. The doubt about Italy, 

 where for a long time the same or a similar disease has been 

 known, is one concerning exact identity. Several Italian path- 

 ologists have studied the Italian disease but I am inclined to 

 doubt the value of their bacteriological findings; at any rate they 

 have ascribed the disease to Bacillus cubonianus Macchiatti, 



FIG. 263. Distortion of South African mulberry leaves due to Bacterium mori. 



After Ethel M. Doidge. 



a liquefying, yellow schizomycete. Yellow bacteria are very 

 common on mulberry trees and are often present in the dis- 

 eased areas, but are not the cause of the disease now under 

 consideration. 



Cause. This disease is due to Bacterium mori Boyer and 

 Lambert emend. EFS. 



Here some introductory remarks are necessary on the prob- 

 lem of what to do with an old name when it has been given with- 

 out a proper characterization. This problem is often a difficult 

 one. Always, if possible, I think the first name should be re- 

 tained by the pathologist. It cannot be, however, especially 



