40 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



February, 1910 



trees, uniformly resulted in browning of 

 leares. The copper penetrates to the leaves 

 as was determined by analysis. 



10. The importance of rain and dew at 

 agents causing brown-spotting of foliage fol- 

 lowing applications of Bordeaux mixture is 

 well attested by the uniform results obtain- 

 ed from the experiments with covered and 

 uncovered trees. Two trees were sprayed 

 heavily ; one was left exposed, the other was 

 protected from all rain and dew. This was 

 repeated during three seasons. In each year 

 the foliage of the exposed tree was more or 

 less "injured Ly brown spots, while the tree 

 protected from rain remained free from in- 

 jury. Several other experiments in which 

 trees exposed to rain were brought into con- 

 trast with trees protected from rain gave, 

 in all cases, the same results, namely, some 

 degree of injury to foliage exposed to rain 

 and absolute freedom from injury to the 

 foliage of trees protected from rain. 



11. Milk of lime does not cause brown 

 spots even when applied in large quantity, 

 but burning quickly follows applications of 

 copper sulphate solutions even when the sol- 

 utions are very dilute. It is therefore con- 

 cluded that copper in solution is the activ* 

 agent responsible for the burning of foliage. 



12. Bordeaux mixture has a decided in- 

 fluence upon the color of leaves. Under a 

 coating of Bordeaux mixture leaves assume 

 a very dark green color that is retained 

 even after the coating is mostly washed 

 away. Leaves coated with lime only become 

 in some degree darker in color than un- 

 treated leaves, but the shade is not so deep 

 as is assumed under a coating of Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



I enjoy the attractive pages of The 

 Canadian Horticulturist- Its sugges- 

 tions are always practical. — J. A. Wallace, 

 Brant, Co., Ont. 



Self-boiled Lime-Sulphur 



In the October issue of The Canadian 

 Horticulturist there appeared on page 221 

 a brief report of a paper on "Sulphur 

 Sprays," that was read at the confefence of 

 the American Pomological Society hold at 

 St. Catharines, Ont., last September. In the 

 paper, which was prei)arod by Mr. W. M. 

 Scott of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 

 Washington, D.C., mention was made of 

 some experiments conducted in the Hale 

 orchards of Georgia. The mixture used 

 in the experiments was composed of 8 lbs. 

 sulphur (flour or flowers) and 8 lbs. fresh 

 stone lime to 50 gals, of water. In mild 

 cases of scab and brown rot, a weaker mix- 

 ture (6 lbs. of each) may be used. In order 

 to obtain a good concentration of heat from 

 the lime, the mixture should be prepared 

 when practicable in large quantities, say 

 enough for 200 gals. The formula would 

 then be 32 lbs. of lime and 32 lbs. of sul- 

 phur to be cooked with a small quantity 

 of water (8 or 10 gals) and then diluted 

 to 200 gals. Note. — 50 gallons wine meas- 

 ure, here referred to, equal 40 gallons Im- 

 perial. — Editor. 



Place the lime in a barrel and pour on 

 enough water to almost cover it. When 

 the slaking starts, add the sulphur, which 

 should first be run through a sieve to break 

 up the lumps. The slaking of the lime will 

 boil the mixture for several minutes, dis- 

 solving a small portion of the sulphur. 

 More water may be needed to keep it wet 

 but care should be taken not to add enough 

 tj stop boiling before the lime is thoroughly 

 slaked. Considerable stirring is required; 

 to keep the water distributed through the 

 mass so as to avoid drying and burning on 

 the bottom. 



As soon as the lime is thoroughly slaked, 

 or not more than five minutes thereafter. 



enough water should be poured on to cool 

 the mixture and prevent further cooking. 

 It is then ready to be strained into the 

 spray tank, diluted and applied. If the 

 mixture is not cooled within a few minutes 

 after the lime has finished slaking, the heat 

 continues the cooking so that within 20 or 

 30 minutes a largo percentage of the sul- 

 phur may go into solution in the form of 

 calcium sulphide, which is injurious to the 

 foliage. The object is to make a mechanical 

 mixture of the lime and the sulphur, dis- 

 solving only a small portion of the latter. 

 It should be strained so as to take out the 

 coarse particles of lime, but the sulphur 

 should bo carefully worked through the 

 strainer. 



Tomato Leaves as Insecticide. — Many ob- 

 servers have noted that the leaves of To- 

 matoes are obnoxious to certain insects. 

 Applying this idea, Mr. Boncher, a French 

 grower, has experimented with decoctions 

 of tomato leaves, and finds, according to 

 the Heiue Horticole, that the extract is 

 sufficiently poisonous to destroy green fly. 

 By syringing peach trees infested with these 

 insects he succeeded in completely ridding 

 his trees of the pest. The value of the 

 observation lies, of course, in the cheapness 

 of the specific, its cost (to growers of to- 

 matoes, at all events) being far less than 

 that of manv other remedies. 



Readers of The Canadian HorticuI/Tur- 



I8T wishing to secure some of the fine color- 

 ed calendars and posters being sent out by 

 the International Harvester Co., of Chicago, 

 or copies of their interesting book, "Glimp- 

 ses of Thriftland," can secure same by writ- 

 ing to the nearest agency of the above com- 

 pany and mentioning this paper. See else- 

 where in this issue for a list of Canadian 

 agencies. 



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