68 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



March, 1910 



tatioii and finance; however, we made good 

 for the peaches that were not Kood upon 

 arrival and our reputation was sustained. 



Now for the lesson that was taught by our 

 experience (which coincided with the advice 

 we received from several) this was that if 

 we desire to lay down this fruit in the best 

 condition for commercial purposes at a dis- 

 tance we must be most careful of the hand- 

 ling here. This may be summed up in few 

 words: viz., ])roper maturity of the finest 

 specimens before picking, padded baskets, 

 one layer only in basket, picked more by the 

 palm of the hand, avoid bruising in every 

 possible manner, and when packing in your 

 box see that every peach is entirely separat- 

 ed, in fact, nested by itself. This fruit 

 should be pre-cooled before shipping and 

 by all means use every effort to get fa.st 

 transit to the market. Now, regarding the 

 cold storage on boats, I believe the ocean 

 carrying companies are anxious to obtain 

 this class of business and are using every 

 effort to give a good service. I have found 

 it so. — The Biggs Fruit and Produce Co., 

 Burlington, Ont., Alex. C. Biggs, Manager. 



Concentrated Lime-Sulphur 



( Continued from paffc /i.-i) 

 The sediment is of apparently no value as 

 a spray material against insects (as indi- 

 cated bv the work of Parrott at the Geneva 

 New York Station), hence its volume and 

 removal, especially in the commercial prep- 

 arations, becomes matters of importance. It 

 is composed largely of sulfites and sulfates 

 of calcium, together with the magnesium, 

 iron, aluminum and other insoluble impuri- 

 ties in the lime and sulphur used. Its vol- 

 ume is affected chiefly : by the ratio of lime 

 and sulphur; the purity of materials :and 

 the time of boiling. Its relative volume 

 also naturallv increases with the density of 



the product. Made as described above its 

 actual volume apparently runs from five per 

 cent, to nine per cent, of the total product. 

 In the home preparation, the difficulty of 

 its economic removal and its fineness and 

 apparent lack of objectionable mechanical 

 qualites, except in displacing valuable mat- 

 erials, have led us to disregard it. If de- 

 sired, however, it may be removed by letting 

 the product settle for about a day, drawing 

 off the clear portion and straining the re- 

 mainder through a moderately fine cloth 

 inside the strainer. The sludge may then 

 be washed free of any further valuable 

 materials in the manner stated above. 



PRESERVATION OF LIMB-SILPnUR 



If properly handled, lime-sulphur pre- 

 parations api)arently can be preserved in- 

 definitely. Ordinary changes in tempera- 

 ture have little effect on them. But they 

 are very sensitive to a number of other in- 

 fluences. Continued exposure to air, for 

 example, results in the development of a 

 crust of solids of varying thickness. This 

 is prevented by cutting off the exposure 

 to air, either by an oil covering or by im- 

 mediate storage in tight closed vessels, fill- 

 ing them completely. When the crust does 

 develop it can be skimmed off with a fine 

 screen and readily redissolved by heating 

 either in water or in the concentrate it- 

 .self. 



These solutions are also decomposed by a 

 number of other things. Acids, carbon di- 

 oxid, certain arsenicals, and even extra 

 lime put in as a marker, all appear more 

 or less rapidly to break down the lime- 

 sulphur combination. This is by no means 

 always fatal in practical results, but we be- 

 lieve it is to be avoided when possible. 

 Most of them can be avoided by elimination. 



In the case of arsenicals, however, their 

 iuldition is neces;arv if the material is to be 



used as a summer fungicide. The addition 

 of arsenate of lead results in very rapid de- 

 composition, both for itself and the lime- 

 sulphur. Tire resulting compounds seem to 

 give good results practically, however, so 

 that we cannot entirely condemn the pro- 

 cess just at present. But it seems to be a 

 very wasteful process, especially when we 

 can obtain the same poisoning power in an- 

 other arsenical, the arsenite of lime, for 

 about one-sixth the cost. The latter arseni- 

 cal also is practically stable in the lime- 

 sulphur solution. It has been in use to a 

 greater or less extent for a long time in 

 connection with other fungicides, but has 

 been limited by a tendency to burn foliage. 

 This is practically avoided by making it up 

 with a slight modification of the Kedsjie 

 formula, the method being de.scribed in the 

 11 fore-mentioned bidletin of the Pennsyl- 

 vania station. The use of Paris green in 

 this solution, we believe to be undesirable, 

 with nothing to commend it. 



THE PROCESS OF DILUTION 



In the application of any concentrate 

 either home-made or commercial, it is es- 

 sential that a definite method of dilution be 

 followed. Two solutions may look exactly 

 alike and yet differ widely in density, so 

 that any accurate method must be based 

 ))rimarily on the density of the concentrate 

 that is being diluted. Moreover, we be- 

 lieve that recommendations based on the 

 density of diluted spray are preferable to 

 those based on the number of dilutions even 

 when accompanied by a statement of the 

 concentrate's density. 



Accurate dilution is very simple and easily 

 accomi)lished with the aid of a hvdrometer 

 having the specific gravity scale. (Such 

 an instrument, fitted with the Baume 

 scale also, may be obtained from 

 Rauscb & T;oeb, Rochester, N. Y., or 



STOCK WHICH GIVES SATISFACTION 



Everywhere there are persons who are satisfied with nothing but 

 the best. When they place their stamp of approval on any line 

 of goods by purchasing them, you know they have investigated 

 their merits and that they meet with their ^approval. Their 

 example is a good one to follow. 



A View in the Grounds of William MacKenzie. Esq., Toronto. 



The stock used to plant the grounds in the above illustration was 

 grown by us. It has met every requirement as to quality. You 

 can not do better than secure some of the same line of stock for 

 your spring planting, q Hardy stock, high quality and low prices 

 is our motto. Get a copy of our catalogue. 



THE CANADIAN NURSERY CO., Ltd. 



Niir>eriet: Pointe Claire, Que. 10 Phillips Place, Montreal, Que. 



A FEW RELIABLE SALESMEN WANTED 



Portal Addie..-POUPART 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET 



LONDON 



Cable Address — 

 POUPART, LONDON 



SEND YOUR CONSIGNMENTS TO 



T. J. POUPART 



Co vent Garden Market 



LONDON, ENGLAND 



We sell entirely by Private Treaty, the 

 only method which gives equal satis- 

 faction to both buyer and sender. 



Advances made against Bills of Lading 



We sell only on Commission therefore 

 have no bought stuff to make the fancy 

 prices of. 



SHIP TO US ONCE AND WE ARE CERTAIN TO MAKE A REGULAR SENDER OF YOU 



