March, 1910 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



69 



from the firms mentioned in our bul- 

 letin 92. The presence of foreign materials 

 or of much roily sediment in the sample will 

 vitiate the test, a fact which must be taken 

 into consideration — the former especially in 

 solutions of unknown preparation). Sprays 

 of any desired density may be obtained 

 from any concentrate by simply getting 

 the reading of the concentrate and 

 dividing the decimal of this reading by 

 the decimal of the spray desired. For ex- 

 ample, if the reading of the concentrate is 

 1.27 (about 31 degrees Baume), to get a 

 spray of 1.03 density we divide the .27 by 

 .03 and obtain 9, which is the number of 

 dilutions required, and which of course is 

 obtained by adding eight volumes of water. 

 In this we are simply applying the general 

 fact that the densities of solutions heavier 

 than water vary inversely with the number 

 of dilutions. 



- The workings of the process may be seen 

 further in the following : 



(;>) To determine number of dilutions. 



Deci mal of Concentrate ., , r%i •!„„= 



Formula: ;: — : : — ; ; — '■ — 7 = No. of Dilutions 



Decimal of Spray desired 



margins between safe and unsafe densities 

 in the use of these solutions on foliage. 



With Baunie hydrometers, tlie dilutions 

 are obtained indirectly either by conver- 

 sion into the Specific Gravity scale or by 

 means of a special dilution table. In the 

 latter case, however, a table is likely to be 

 needed for each density of spray desired. 

 The following table gives the uses of the 

 lime-sulphur spray, as far as our present 

 knowledge extends : 



frequently affect the amount of foliage-in- 

 jury nearly as much as the density of spray 

 applied. (The presence of salt in some of 

 the commercial preparations, as indicated in 

 the work of the Geneva, N.Y., Station, 

 makes special caution desirable in using 

 them upon foliage.) 



.ADVANTAGES OF HOME-MADE CONCENTRATE 



As compared with our other leading sprays 

 the advantages of the storable, home-made 

 lime-sulphur are conspicuous. In total cost. 



Times and Strengths of Sprays for Various Purposes 



Examples: 



.03 

 .30 



10, or 



■25 



.01 



■30 



■00.5 



=25 



(b) To determine the density of spray 

 used. 



, Decimal of Concenlrate r,„„!™ .i „f a„-o„ 

 Formula: xt- _^ r^.i-.; = Decimal of Spray 



I 



No. of Dilutions 

 Examples: -^=.026 



10 



■27 

 "50" 



,0054, 



.•■ Spray = 1.026 



Spray = 1.00.>J 



This. method gives final sprays of definite 

 density, and the importance of this is ob- 

 vious when we consider the relatively small 



While it is believed that the densities 

 recommended in this table will generally 

 prove efficient and safe where pure solu- 

 tions are used, yet occasional injury has oc-. 

 curred from third and fourth applications 

 when the earlier applications of the same 

 strength of spray had proved entirely safe. 

 .-Vlso the abundance of the application may 



including the making, it wiU produce a 1.03 

 scale spray for about three-fourths of a cent 

 or less per gallon, while the commercial 

 preparations usually cost two cents or more. 

 The known absence of superfluous and pos- 

 sibly harmful ingredients is also of some 

 importance. For apple scab, it does not 

 ■'russet" the fruit; it can be made up be- 



Feed Your Land 



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 IS THE BEST 



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Telephones : Main 2841 



Residence Park 951 



\Ii-[itin7i The ranailian TfnrHciiUiiript when wrifiiiK. 



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