April, igio 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



85 



How^ to Make Bordeaux Mixture 



To prepare Bordeaux mixture prop- 

 erly, at least two barrels besides 

 the spray pump are necessary, and 

 four barrels are better. The usual for- 

 mula for Bordeaux mixture is four 

 pounds of bluestone and four pounds of 



mixture, mix four ounces of good Paris 

 green to a paste with a little water, di- 

 lute with water enough to enable it to 

 pour and add same to the mixture in 

 the pump. If the Paris green is not 

 good, another ounce or two may be 





In Large Orchards and in Small Onea, whote'0«mert Co-operate, the Power Sprayer ii Replacing Hand-power Machines 



The illustration shows one of the machines manufactured by the Deming Company, Salem, Ohio. 



lime to forty gallons of water. A little 

 ore lime may be beneficial and will do 

 o harm. 



f 



To make a stock solution, dissolve 



enty pounds of bluestone in one of the 

 barrels with twenty gallons of water. 

 This is best done by placing the blue- 

 stone in a sack, suspending it just be- 

 neath the surface of the water in the bar- 

 rel and leaving it over night. This will 

 give one pound of bluestone to each gal- 

 lon of water. In another barrel slake 

 twenty pounds of lime and when slaked 

 add sufficient water to make twenty gal- 

 lons. This will also give a stock solu- 

 tion of one pound of lime to each gallon 

 ' if water. 



When about to spray the trees, place 

 sixteen gallons of water in the third bar- 

 rel and four gallons of the bluestone 

 vtock solution, making in all twenty gal- 

 lone, or half a barrel. In the fourth bar- 

 rel place sixteen gallons of water and 

 four gallons of the milk of lime, making 

 al.so twenty gallons in all, or half a bar- 

 rel. These may then be poured into the 

 spray pump and mixed thoroughly, when 

 it will be ready for application. If the 

 third and fourth barrels are not obtain- 

 able, the four gallons of bluestone may 

 l)e placed in the pump immediately and 

 the pump nearly filled with water, when 

 the four gallons of milk of lime may be 

 added. The important point to remem- 

 ber is that the stock solutions of blue- 

 stone and lime must not be mixed to- 

 gether without being first well diluted. 



To add an insecticidal property to the 



used. Arsenate of lead may be used in- 

 stead of Paris green. It is more ad- 

 hesive, and is absolutely harmless to 

 the foliage. Use two pounds to forty 

 gallons of mixture. It is not necessary 

 to use these poisons for the first spray- 

 ing. 



These operations may be repeated un- 

 til all the stock solution is used, when 

 more will have to be made if required. 

 When spraying keep the mixture thor- 

 oughly agitated, as Paris green will not 

 dissolve in water but remains in suspen- 

 sion. It is best to spray four times : 

 First, when the trees are dormant in 

 spring, for fungi; second, when the buds 

 are opening, for bud moths and cigar 



case bearer; third, immediately after the 

 blossoms fall, for codling moth ; fourth, 

 about three weeks later, for apple scab 

 and leaf eating insects. 



Setting Out An Orchard 



J. A. Moore, Hazelbrook, P.E.I. 



In preparing to set out an orchard we 

 would select a field affording natural 

 drainage and, if possible, natural shel- 

 ter ; that is, if one has a grove or hedge 

 on the farm to take advantage of, as a 

 shelter for the orchard, for there is not 

 much use of growing fruit and having it 

 blown off by the heavy autumn winds. A 

 row of cherry trees planted thickly 

 around the outside of the orchard would 

 make quite a good windbreak and 

 prove a source of profit as well. We 

 would also plant an evergreen hedge 

 outside of all and, if fruit trees and ever- 

 greens were set out at the same time, 

 the shelter would be sufficient by the 

 time the trees had fruited. 



A good preparation of the ground 

 would be to plow and harrow, then sow 

 with peas or buckwheat, and when it 

 had grown up sufficiently, to plow it 

 down. This would make the ground 

 mellow and provide an abundant supply 

 of the best kind of food for the roots. 



After pulverizing the soil and smooth- 

 ing it, lay off the orchard in rows each 

 way, at whatever distance the trees are 

 to be planted. Set up stakes in line and 

 plant where the lines intersect. This 

 will leave the trees in line every way 

 and will facilitate working among them. 

 When planting the trees dip the roots 

 in a pail of water, as the clay will ad- 

 here quickly to the wet rootlets and fa- 

 cilitate speedy growth. For years hoed 

 crops may be grown between the rows 

 of trees, if plenty of manure is used ; the 

 trees can thus be cultivated with profit. 

 Late in the fall the young trees should 

 be wrapped about the trunk with build- 

 ing paper to the height of about eigh- 

 teen inches to protect them from being 

 girdled by mice. 



This is about the way we set out our 



Fmit Growing on Prince Edward laland Can. 



The illustration shows the orchard 



be Made a Leading Industry of that Province 



of Mr. J. A. Moore, Hazelbrook. 



