124 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



May, 1910 



disease, which frequently has its incoptioii 

 in the seed bed, although not manifesting 

 itself until the plant is ready to bloom, 

 where it is found wilt<'d «nd dying. The 

 preventive is frequent stirring and drying 

 of the surface soil about the plant at all 

 stages of its growth, jiarticulariy during 

 the early stages, and the avoidance of low 

 damp and sour soil. Plants started in a 

 hotbed are more liable to attack than those 

 started in a cold frame or in the open 

 ground. I do not think the be.st residts can 

 be obtained from asters started under such 

 pampering conditions as hotbeds." 



Lime-sulphur VS. Bordeaux 



W. J. L. Hamilton, Sooth Salt Sprino. •>. C. 



It is interesting to learn what is b(>ing done 

 in other parts of our Dominion, so I have 

 read with pleasure the instalments of Mr. 

 L. Caesar's articles in The Canadian Horti- 

 0X7LTTJRIST. We have apparently, however, 

 advanced further than Ontario in the prac- 

 tical use of lime-sulphur spray, as, with us, 

 Bordeaux is superseded bv it with great suc- 

 cess, and to the great simplification of the 

 spraying process. 



In fighting the apple scab, the first thing 

 necessary is either to remove or bury the 

 dead leaves from the infected trees. This 

 should be done just before growth starts in 

 the spring, as it is at this time that the 

 fungus, which has spent the winter on the 

 decaying leaves, starts into active life, and 

 produces its spores in profusion. Hence, 

 . the first cultivation should be given at this 

 time, and, as an additional precaution, not 

 only should the tree, but also the soil, be 

 well sprayed with the lime-sulphur. 



In using the ready-made spray, supplied 

 by the manufacturers, we find it advisable 

 to dilute with hot water, and at the same 

 time to add about 10 lbs. of quicklime 



to each 40 gallons of the diluted spray. Thi-. 

 lime should be stirred in the spray, whi<-h 

 should be used with the lime in su.s])ension. 

 The advantages of this added b'me are two- 

 fold, for it not only adds to the efficiency 

 of the snray, but it also indicntes most clenr- 

 ly to the sprayer whether or not he has 

 covered all ])ortious of the tree. It offers 

 also a mechanical obstruction to scale in- 

 sects. 



Bordeaux is troublesome to mix, and, if 

 weather condition,^ become unfavorable (wet) 

 it is liable to seriously injure the foliage 

 and cause russetting of the fruit, whereby 

 it IS rendered unsnlcble. This never oc- 

 curs with lime-sulphur. As a fungicide, it 

 is nerfectly efficient, and as a solvent of the 

 different gummy secretions by which insects 

 atack their eggs to the trees it is unrivalled 

 except by lye, (which should never be used 

 in an orchard since it renders arsenical salts 

 soluble). It also kills all soft bodied in- 

 sects with which it comes in contact, and. 

 as it can be combined with arsenate of 

 lead, the whole spraying process can be much 

 .simplified. 



Mr. Caesar says in his article: "It is al- 

 most certain that a soluble substance like 

 commercial lime-sulphur would wash ofiF 

 more rapidly than Bordeaux." He has lost 

 sight of the fact that the lime-sulphur is 

 not a stable compound, and that half its 

 efficiency is due to this fact, as it is the 

 slow evoltition of sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 

 as the sub.stance oxidises by exposure to the 

 air, that kills the fungous growths, quite 

 as much as its causticity does. Once the 

 spray has had time to dry on the trees, sub- 

 sequent rains will hardly remove it at all, 

 as I have proved by experience. 



Do you want a free book on "Amateur 

 Fruit Growing?" See page 126. 



Co-operative Buying of Supplies 



At the short course in fruit growing at 

 Guelph, Mr. P. W. Hodgetts, Toronto, 

 brought out the importance of the co-opera- 

 tive buying of supplies for orcharding, by 

 the following figures that show something of 

 the quantities of spraying materials used 

 bv the co-operative spraying associations of 

 Ontario : In 1909, these societies sprayed 

 5.700 acres and consumed : — bluestone, 

 52,000 lbs.; sulphur, 200,000 lbs.; lime, 

 32,000 lbs, : Paris green, 915 lbs, ; arsenate 

 of lead, 8,200 lbs. ; white arsenic, 2,200 

 lbs. This represents only a small quantity 

 of the supplies used by fruit growers in their 

 business. 



The St. Catharines Cold Storage and For- 

 warding Company bought nearly $40,0()0 

 worth of supplies last year, including spray 

 materials, packages, paper, hooks and cov- 

 ers, grape posts, wire, fertilizers, ladders, 

 spraying machinery, etc. In spraying ma- 

 terials they bought 107,-520 lbs, of sulphur ; 

 2,500 bushels of lime : 4,080 gals, of com- 

 mercial lime-sulphur ; 6,000 lbs. of arsenate 

 of lead; 200 lbs. of white arsenic; 300 lbs. 

 of soda ash ; 100 lbs. of Paris green, 800 

 Us. of Bordeaux paste ; and 12,600 lbs. of 

 granulated bluestone. 



As a rule, local merchants throughout 

 the province do not deal in these articles. 

 The restdt is that only a few druggists 

 carry the-e goods and are thus able to charge 

 exorbitant prices. 



Nursery stock is another matter wherein 

 co-operative buying is doing much good. 

 Local agents charge altogether too much 

 and, worse still, supply a poor quality of 

 stock often untrue to name. 



There are some difficulties to be overcome 

 in co-operative buying. Managers and mem- 

 bers of local societies must learn the value 

 of business principles. They must learn to 



APPLE TREES 



HARDY STOCK 



We still have a good stock of the following varieties 

 for sale at $30 per 100 



Bismark 



Ben Davis 



Duchess 



Early Harvest 



Gravcnstein 



Gano 



Mann 



Spy 



Ontario 



Scarlet Pippin 



Stark 



Tetofsky 



Wagener 



Wealthy 



Yellow Transparent 



These are all splendid trees, order at once, before 

 the kinds you want are sold. 



Write to-day for Apples and any other Fruit Trees 

 or Ornamental stock you may need. 



The Canadian Nursery Co., Limited 



10 Phillips Place, MONTREAL, QUE. 



Nurseries at Pointe Claire 



GRASSELLI 



ARSENATE OF LEAD 



^ It is an arsenical poison. 

 ^ This is wrhat it is for : 



^ To destroy leaf -eating and chewing insects, such as the 

 Codling Moth, Canker Worm and Curculio. 



^ Here is why it is better than White Arsenic or Paris 

 Green : 



I St. It sticks, ready to destroy the insects ^vhen 

 they commence to feed. 



It also sho>vs, so you may kno%v whether or 

 not your foliage and fruit is all covered. 

 2nd. It will not burn the foliage, even though used 

 stronger than directions. (Have you ever 

 figured the cost to you if an arsenical burned 

 the foliage ?) 



Why Yon Should Use Qrasselli Arsenate of Lead : 



1st. Because it is a poison made by chemists whose business 

 it has been to make high grade chemicals over 70 years. 



2nd. It has been used in the Niagara section the past two 

 seasons with best results. — Therefore, it is not an un- 

 tried brand about which you know practically nothing. 



3rd. The price is right. We charge a reasonable price for 

 the Best. 



WILL YOU SEND YOUR ORDERS EARLY TO 



THj ST. CATHARINES GOLD STORAGE & FORWARDING GO. 



(ROBT. THOMPSON, President) 



ST. CATHARINES, ONT. 



OR SEND ENQUIRIES TO US 



THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL COMPANY 



CLEVELAND, OHIO 



