2S6 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



November, igio 



were only five barrels of number twos, 

 the rest being number ones. 



THE CODLING MOTH 



The Stewart and Culver orchards, 

 rented by Mr. Johnson, also are turning 

 out extraordinarily well, both as to 

 quality and quantity. A late brood of 

 Codling Moth penetrating the side of the 

 apple to only a slight depth has been a 

 source of trouble in some of the orchards 

 especially of Greenings. 



This worm is not much more than half 

 the size of the mature Codling Worm, 

 and has a black head instead of a red 

 one ; but I am of opinion that it is simply 

 an immature Codling Worm, and not 

 a new insect, as some of the growers 

 seem to think. In Blaney Bros.' orchard, 

 which had been sprayed with a gasoline 

 power sprayer at high pressure, practi- 

 cally no side worms were found. 



The same trouble has appeared in the 

 orchards of the Niagara District, and it 

 is considered that a spraying with ar- 

 senate of lead, in the middle of July, 

 at high pressure is what is needed. 



LARGE SHIPMENTS 



Ten thousand barrels had already been 

 shipped out by the Association at the 

 time of my visit, October 17th to 20th. 

 This Association was organized in 1906 

 with a membership of seventeen and an 

 output of about four thousand barrels, 

 and now in 1910 has a membership of 

 over three hundred, and an output of 

 forty thousand barrels. Great progress 

 truly, especially when one considers the 

 quality of the product. 



OTHER FRUITS GROWN 



Nor are apples the only fruit produced 

 to advantage by the Norfolk County 

 growers. Strawberries, cherries, pears 

 and peaches are also being largely 

 planted, as well as thousands of apple 

 trees. Mr. George Heath, for instance, 

 has about two thousand peach trees, 

 which have given him good crops for five 

 successive years, and nearly one thou- 

 sand cherry tr es, both sweet and sour, 

 also producing well. 



Messrs. Johnson and Olds have two 

 fine young peach orchards, and the for- 

 mer has a great strawberry patch of 

 nearly twenty acres. This part of the 

 country also produces great vegetables, 

 as witness the cauliflower crop of Mc- 

 Inally Brothers ; seventeen acres produc- 

 ing one hundred and twenty-five tons, 

 sold at thirty dollars per ton, and also 

 fifty acres of cucumbers producing 

 nearly one hundred tons at forty-five 

 dollars per ton. Potato growing has 

 also become a feature. 



ENGLISH SETTLERS 



Attracted by the fame of the district, 

 a number of English well-to-do people 

 are coming in and purchasing small 

 farms and going into fruit. The land 

 has doubled, and in some cases trebled, 

 in value during the last five years. 



Credit must be given to Mr. Jas. E. 



Johnson, the manager, and the other 

 members of the Association for the great 

 work he and they have accomplished. 

 It is a great object lesson of what co- 

 operation, entered into in the right 

 spirit, can do to raise the value of land 

 and enrich the pockets of the farmers. 



There are many other portions of On- 

 tario that would do well to ponder this 

 lesson over and take its teachings to 

 heart. • There aie many other portions 

 of Ontario where a .somewhat similar 

 success could be obtained were similar 

 methods adopted. 



Winter Protection o! Plants and Shrubs 



Wm. Hunt, O. A. C. Guelph, Ont. 



IT is not too late to plant bulbs for 

 spring flowering if the work was not 

 done in October, although about the 

 middle of October is, as a rule, the best 

 time. Almost all of the spring flowering 

 bulbs will do fairly well if planted in 

 November, the one exception, perhaps, 

 being Dutch hyacinths. Even these 

 latter I have known to give as good re- 

 sults planted in November if the wea- 

 ther is fine late in the season. 



Give late planted bulbs some protec- 

 tive material to prevent the bulbs from 

 lifting or heaving from their positions 

 during very severe weather. This pro- 

 tection should not be put on until moder- 

 ately severe weather sets in, after the 

 ground has been slightly frozen or after 

 the first snowfall. About the end of 

 November or early in December is a 

 good time, before the heavy snowfalls 

 commence. 



COVERING MATERIAL 



A mulch of long, strawy manure, 

 straw, or long grass, about three or four 

 inches in depth, can be used for a cover- 

 ing. Green pine boughs can be placed 

 over the mulch to avoid the unsightly 

 appearance of the mulch. The pine 

 boughs of themselves, or coarse garden 

 trimmings, such as old raspberry canes, 

 etc., with a few leaves sprinkled among 

 them, makes a good winter protection 

 for bulbs or plants of any kind. Leaves 

 of themselves settle down too closely 

 oftentimes or are blown away altoge- 

 ther, and are more difficult to remove 

 in spring without injury to the bulbs. 



PROTECTINCi ROSES 



Climbing and rambler roses in any 



section of Ontario outside of the Niagara 

 district are of questionable hardiness, 

 and are safest if protected slightly dur- 

 ing winter and early spring. The best 

 and easiest method, as a rule, is to take 

 the growth down from the trellis and 

 lay it down below the snow line and as 

 close to the ground as possible without 

 injuring the growth. It may be neces- 

 sary to tie the growth together to keep 

 it in place. 



This work should be done about the 

 first or second week in November. About 

 the end of November or early in Decem- 

 ber, two or three inches of straw or 

 strawy manure, sufficient to cover the 

 growth, can be placed over them. Pine 

 boughs can be used also for covering, 

 with perhaps a few leaves strewed 

 among them. 



DANGER FROM MICE 



Do not use corn stalks for covering 

 roses or plants of any kind in winter, as 

 they are too great an attraction for mice, 

 the mice oftentimes being more destruc- 

 tive to the roses than the severe weather. 

 By not putting on the covering until 

 quite late, perhaps after the first snow- 

 fail in December, there is less danger of 

 a visit from mice as they are usually 

 settled in their winter quarters before 

 that time. 



BUSH ROSES 



The hybrid perpetual roses, especially 

 those budded on manetti or briar stocks, 

 should be banked around the bottom of 

 the growth with soil. This banking 

 with earth covers a weak part of the 

 budded or worked rose bush, viz., the 

 junction between the root stock and the 



A Climbini Rote Both Laid Down Ready for it» Wiuter CoTcriaf 



