MO 



The Canadian Horticulturist, 



When the circulation of the sap 

 is slow, as in a tree poorlj' cultivated, 

 or for any cause, or when a tree, as is 

 too often the case, leans to the east so 

 that the one side is exposed all day 

 long to the vertical rays of the sun, or 

 when a tree is newly set and before 

 its fibres have fairly put their little 

 mouths to the breast of mother earth 

 and consequently the tree is nearly 

 dormant and the sap motionless — 

 the sun cooks or decomposes the sap, 

 kills it as sap. This dead sap is 

 what the borer has a weakness for, 

 and he can't resist the temptation to 



bore for it, and the wood is killed and 

 saturated by it. 



A sure preventive, so far as the 

 agency of the sun is concerned, is to 

 protect from the sun by any device not 

 adapted to harbor other insect ene- 

 mies. The main purpose of these pre- 

 sents, however, is to give a hint respec- 

 ting trees recently set, the proper way to 

 protect which is to drive a stake six 

 inches or so wide and of the height of 

 the body of the tree, to shade it 

 from the sun's excessive rays. It 

 will protect the tree from the more 

 violent winds as well. Tried. 



INSECT ENEMIES. 



Bv Jas. Fletcher, Entomologist, Etc., Gov. E.x. Farms, Ottawa. 



THERE are three great evils in 

 Ontario which require im- 

 mediate attention from fruit growers, 

 and should be seen to during the 

 month of May. 



1. The Codling Moth, the cater- 

 pillar of which destroys so large a 

 proportion of the apple crop every 

 year. 



2. The Plum Curculio, which 

 destroys plums rnd cherries. 



For both of these pests simple and 

 cheap remedies are found in thorough- 

 ly spraying the trees after the flowers 



have fallen, with a very weak mix- 

 ture of paris green and water ; 2 oz. 

 to 40 gallons of water. 



3. The Black Knot. This is the 

 fungous growth which causes the 

 Black excrescences on the branches 

 of plum and cherry trees. Each of 

 these knots contain myriads of spores 

 capable of reproducing the disease. 

 These mature in the spring and are 

 thrown out by the fungus, and dis- 

 tributed by the wind. 



Before the leaves expand, every 

 knot should be cut off and burnt. 



ENGLISH AND CANADIAN FORESTRY. 



To the Editor of Thv. Canadian Horticulturist. 



SIR, — I trust that the present 

 Spring will see a considerable 

 amount of tree-planting done. When 

 travelling last Summer through Eng- 

 land and Scotland, nothing was so 

 plainly observable to a Canadian as 

 the fact that the country was well 

 sheltered. Everywhere were hedges, 

 everywhere fine trees along them, 

 every here and there, plantations. 

 Those who owned the land appar- 



ently were far from grudging the 

 trees their standing-room, and the 

 result well repaid them. Such crops 

 of wheat, such weight of grass per 

 acre as was there obtained, often 

 doubled or trebled Canadian pro- 

 ducts. Comparing Canadian with 

 English farming practice, no one 

 could doubt the shelter given had 

 much to do with the fertility of the 

 land. It was a painful contrast to 

 many of our Canadian farms, where 



