The Canadian Horticulturist. 



155 



with one j^^illon of boiling' water, and 

 while still hot add two j^'allons of kero- 

 sene. This may be used diluted as 

 wanted witli ten parts of water, and 

 sprayed over the whole trees about 

 the first week in June, when the 

 younf( lice are first hatched out. 

 Some are afraid to use kerosene for 

 fear it will destroy the bark of the 

 trees, but diluted as above described 

 there is not the slightest danger. 

 To test the danger of its use, we 

 applied clear kerosene with a brush 

 to some trees affected with bark lice, 

 giving one application to one tree, 



and three to another, in the month 

 of June. The former tree was not 

 injured in the least, while the bark 

 of the latter was destroyed in several 

 places. From this it is evident that 

 when diluted no injury need be feared. 

 The Borer is much more trouble- 

 some in our orchards than we like to 

 admit. We find that where trees are 

 situated on unfavorable soil, or are 

 for any other reason somewhat 

 stunted in growth, the borer is espe- 

 cially destructive, and treatment 

 should not be neglected. A good 

 preventive is made as follows : One 

 pint crude carbolic acid, one quart 

 soft soap and two gallons hot water. 

 Thoroughly mix and apply with a 

 cloth to trunk and large branches, 

 two weeks after blossoms fall, and 



again three weeks later. Another, 

 recommended by Prof. Saunders, is 

 simply soft soap reduced to the con- 

 sistency of a thick paint b)' the 

 addition of a thick solution of wash- 

 ing soda in water. Apply in the 

 morning of a warm day, and it will 

 soon dry, and not be easily dissolved 

 by the rains. The treatment should 

 be given early in June, and again 

 during the early part of July. 



There are two kinds of apple tree 

 borers — the round-headed, and the 

 tiat-headed, the latter of which we 

 described in vol. xi., p. 147. The 

 former is known scien- 

 tificall)' as Sapcrda Cn ii- 

 (fidn, and was first notic- 

 ed as destructive to our 

 apple orchards in the vi- 

 cinit}- of Alban)-, New York 

 State, in the year 1825. 

 Our readers may be able 

 to recognize the full grown 

 c beetle from fig. 46-c, which 



is about three quarters of 

 an inch long, and pale brown on the 

 back, with cream-colored stripes. 

 While the flat-headed borer deposits 

 its eggs very often on the upper side 

 of the large branches, this one 

 chooses only the trunk, near the sur- 

 face of the ground, and usually upon 

 the south or south-west side. These 

 are laid singly during those months, 

 and hatch out within a fortnight into 

 a whitish larva, with a chestnut 

 browil iiead, with black jaws about 

 an inch in length, and without feet 

 (see fig.46-rt.) In this destructive stage 

 it remains about three years, the first 

 just beneath the bark, and later ex- 

 cavating through woody portions of 

 the tree until ready to transform into a 

 chrysalis (see fig. 46-/;), and two or 

 three weeks later into a perfect insect- 



