The Canadian Horticulturist. 



195 



remain open nearly the whole day, 

 while in August they close before 

 noon. Give them a moist, cool situa- 

 tion, and they will appreciate the 

 treatment. 



"Dahlias are not properly bullions 

 plants, but they may properl}' be 

 included in the same list. To be 

 grown well they must have a cool 

 and moist soil, which is usually a 

 heavy one. If the garden does not 



afford such, assist it by heavy mulch- 

 ing. If Dahlias are grown simply 

 for distant effect, give them plenty of 

 room to branch out and plenty of the 

 plant food, for they are great feeders. 

 If individual blooms are desired, 

 thin out the smaller branches and 

 disbud. We prefer the former treat- 

 ment, and want the plant to occupy 

 all the space it requires, and to pro- 

 duce as many flowers as it likes." 



EVAPORATION OF FRUIT. 



WITH many of our farmers it is 

 certainly becoming an impor- 

 tant question, what disposal shall we 

 make of our surplus fruits ? Even 

 when situated near a good market, 

 there are times of low prices when 

 the shipments of small fruits scarcely 

 pa}' expenses, and every year the 

 large orchardist finds he has a large 

 quantity of second class apples on 

 hand that are unfit to ship. Many 

 are so situated at such inconvenient 

 distances from the railway, or from a 

 city market, that even with the best 

 quality of fruit land, there is no en- 

 couragement to grow fruit. 



Now, the fruit evaporator seems 

 to us a solution of the problem, and, 

 by co-operation, several growers 

 might use one machine among them, 

 and so economise expenses. 



The annual report of the Secretary 

 of Agriculture for Nova Scotia con- 

 tains some interesting matter on this 

 subject, and from it we have made 

 the following selection on the extent 

 of this industry about Rochester, N.Y., 

 in view of the importance of the 

 subject at this season: — 



Glancing, first, at general facts in- 

 dicating the character and extent of 

 this new industry: 1,500 evaporators 

 were At work in the neighborhood of 

 Rochester during the year i>S87, and 

 some 150 more were started during 

 1888. These range in capacity from 

 25 to 1000 bushels of apples per day. 



The 1500 evaporators in question 

 gave employment, during the autumn 

 and winter of 1887, to 30,000 hands, 

 who earned from 5 to 12 dollars each 

 per week, according to skill and ex- 

 perience. The total quantity of dried 

 apples produced was about 30,000,000 

 lbs., and their value two million 

 dollars. Five million bushels, or 

 250,000,000 pounds of green apples, 

 were required for this purpose, from 

 which more than 200,000 tons of 

 water were driven off by the con- 

 sumption of 15,000 tons of coal. The 

 product finds a market all over the 

 world, but the chief consuming 

 countries are Germany, England, 

 Belgium, Holland and France. Eva- 

 porated apples are packed in cases, 

 each containg 50 lbs., and the cost of 

 carriage per case to Liverpool is 30 

 cents. The same quantity of green 

 fruit sent in barrels would cost S2.50, 

 and canned fruit §2. 10. In the case 

 of evaporated fruit, nodamage is done 

 even by the longest transit ; while fresh 

 fruit suffers enormously, and canned 

 fruit is always liable to ferment. 



The refuse of the apples, consisting 

 of cores and parings, is not lost, for 

 these also are dried, and form the basis 

 of all the cheap jellies now so largely 

 manufactured. Twelve millions of 

 pounds of dried cores and parings 

 were exported from America during 

 the year in question. Sliced apples, 

 dried without coring or paring, are 



i. 



