342 



The Canadian Horticulturist. 



adapted to drying than others. He 

 says : — 



The Ohio plainly tal<es the lead, having 

 more than i6 per cent, of solid matter, but 

 the Ada, Hilborn and Gregg fall but little 

 below it, while the Shaffer takes much higher 

 rank than commonly supposed. From the 

 consumers' standpoint, however, the Ohio is 

 decidedly inferior to all others, containing, 

 as it does, a very high per cent, of seeds — 

 almost half of its solid matter. It is prob- 

 able that as ordinarily dried, or evaporated, 

 about one-third of the total product is seeds, 

 in case of the Ohio, which puts its food value 

 very low and renders it a costly variety for the 

 consumer to buy. The Gregg, Hilborn and 

 Ada stand much higher, the latter excelling 

 the Ohio in actual value by about i6 per cent. 

 The Shaffer yields but littte less profit to the 

 grower, and is decidedly superior to any on 

 the list, in the dried state, to the con- 



Prof. Weber found the actual pro- 

 duct of the dried fruit of the Ohio to 

 average 9 lbs. to the bushel, while 

 the Gregg, Hilborn, Ada and Tyler 

 produced only 8^ lbs., and Shaffer 8. 



We notice in another Ohio au- 

 thority, that another new raspberry 

 is being introduced with " great 

 flourish." It is the Palmer Seed- 

 ling, the productiveness of which is 

 claimed to be something enormous, 

 yielding at least double the amount 

 that either the Gregg or the Souhe. 

 gan does ; besides being of stronger 

 growth and very hardy. Time alone 

 will prove all this. 



WIND-BREAKS. 



MR. L. H. BAILEY, of Cornell 

 University, has been making 

 a study of wind-breaks in their re- 

 lation to fruit growing, and after con- 

 siderable investigation, he has pub- 

 lished the following conclusions, viz. : 



1. A wind-break may exert great 

 influence upon a fruit plantation. 



2. The benefits derived from wind- 

 breaks are the following : Protection 

 from cold ; lessening of evaporation 

 from soil and plants ; lessening of 

 windfalls ; lessening of liability to 

 mechanical injury of trees ; retention 

 of snow and leaves ; facilitating of 

 labor ; protection of blossoms from 

 severe winds ; enabling trees to grow 

 more erect ; lessening of injury from 

 the drying up of small fruits ; reten- 

 tion of sand in certain localities ; 

 hastening of maturity of fruits in 

 some cases ; encouragement of birds ; 

 ornamentation. 



3. The injuries sustained from 

 wind-breaks are as follows : Prevent- 

 ing the free circulation of warm 



winds and consequent exposure to 

 cold ; injuries from insects and fun- 

 gous diseases ; injuries from the 

 encroachment of the wind-break 

 itself ; increased liability to late 

 spring frosts in rare cases. 



a. The injury from cold, still air is 

 usually confined to those localities 

 which are directly influenced by 

 large bodies of water, and which are 

 protected by forest belts. It can be 

 avoided by planting thin belts. 



h. The injury from insects can be 

 averted by spraying with arsenical 

 poisons. 



c. The injury from the encroach- 

 ment of the wind-break may be 

 averted, in part at least, by good 

 cultivation and by planting the fruit 

 simultaneously with the belt. 



4. Wind-breaks are advantageous 

 wherever fruit plantations are ex- 

 posed to strong winds. 



5. In interior places, dense or 

 broad belts, of two or more rows of 

 trees, are desirable, while within the 

 influence of large bodies of water 



