THE SAN lOSE SCALE. 



^^TT^HIS San Jose scale is the worst 

 insect pest that has ever visited 



._L Ohio. It is worse than all 

 other orchard pests combined, 

 because of its deadly effects, not only 

 upon orchard trees, but upon many 

 ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as 

 on rose, raspberry, blackberry and cur- 

 rant bushes. It is very minute and 

 difficult to detect until it has increased 

 and begun to cover the tree or bush 

 with a gray, scurfy covering, while a 

 single female insect may get under a bud 

 and, while entirely concealed there, pro- 

 duce enough young to ultimately cause 

 the death of the tree. 



This insect protects itself with a cov- 

 ering shaped somewhat like an inverted 

 plate, under which it lives and gives 

 birth to its young. This scale covering 

 protects the insect not only from the 

 weather, but also from most applications 

 that can be made for the purpose of 

 killing it. It seems that, in the cases of 

 many such applications, the mixture has 

 to be made so strong that it will pene- 

 trate the bark and kill the tree or plant. 



before it will penetrate this scale and 

 kill the insect underneath. Kerosene 

 will penetrate this scale and kill the 

 insect, but can only be used with safety 

 during cold weather when the pores of 

 the bark are closed, and on the more 

 hardy varieties, like the apple, and some 

 of the more hardy ornamental trees and 

 shrubs. This scale insect multiplies 

 with such rapidity that in a few years, or 

 about the time a young tree should come 

 into bearing, it will have become so 

 affected as to be nearly or quite dead. 



All badly infested trees should be cut 

 out and burned, and all others growing 

 near them should be cut back, and 

 treated in fall and spring with a mi.xture 

 of two pounds of whale oil soap, dis- 

 solved in one gallon of water. All 

 orchards that have been set within the 

 last eight or nine years should be care- 

 fully inspected and if any trees are 

 noted with a small gray scale thickly 

 scattered upon them, at once send a 

 sample to the Station for indentification. 

 —Bulletin Ohio Experiment Station. 



VEGETABLES STORED FOR WINTER. 



EETS, turnips and other roots 



□- .. for early winter use, may be 

 ) stored in barrels in the cellar, 



covering them with sand or 

 soil to prevent wilting. Not a bad plan 

 is that practiced by a friend of the 

 writer's. He obtains enough thin turf 

 from a meadow to make about four 

 layers in the barrel. Then filling in 

 some roots in the barrel he puts a layer 

 of sod on top, then more roots and more 

 sod until the barrel is full, finishing off 

 with sod at the top. For spring use it 

 is better to put these roots in a dry spot 

 out of doors. Celery may be stored in 



narrow trenches in the garden or else 

 be packed in a cool cellar, having the 

 roots rest on damp earth. Cabbage 

 may be pitted almost like roots. The 

 heads should be inverted to keep mois- 

 ture and dirt from the inside parts. For 

 family use, to store some in a barrel 

 that is covered with earth and opening 

 from one end, answers very well. In 

 all the ways of keeping vegetables the 

 main object is to preserve something 

 like uniformity of temperature, with a 

 fair degree of moisture to prevent wilt- 

 ing. — Vicks Magazine. 



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