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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



January, 1912 



occasionally it occurs on older trees. It 

 attacks the leaves chiefly, especially 

 those on the terminal twigs, and causes 

 these to become somewhat folded, dwarf- 

 ed, distorted, and sickly. The succulent 

 twigs on which the affected leaves are 

 borne arc also attacked. The disease is 

 easily recognized by the white powdery 

 substance found in abundance on the 

 affected leaves and shoots. This sub- 

 stance consists of countless masses of 

 tiny spores. 



This mildew is favored by warm, moist 

 conditions and is worst in late summer 

 and autumn. It seldom does much harm, 

 though young trees severely attacked 

 are weakened greatly and stunted and 

 are liable to be winter killed. This is 

 the same disease as attacks the rose 

 bushes, on which, in fact, it is much 

 more common and destructive than on 

 the peach. 



Spraying with the self-boiled lime-sul- 

 phur should be an excellent remedy. The 



spraying should be done as soon as th<,' 

 disea.se is noticed and repeated about 

 every ten or twelve days. Dusting sul- 

 phur over the trees will also control it 

 as has frequently been proven in the 

 case of rose bushes. 



PEACH SCAB 



Peach Scab or Black Spot (Gladospor- 

 ium, Thum) is a disease that causes 

 small blackish spots here and there over 

 the surface of the fruit. Sometimes these 

 are very abundant and disfigure the fruit 

 greatly ; occasionally a fruit is so badly 

 attacked that it cracks open in the same 

 way as a Flemish pear does when 

 attacked by Pear Scab. As a rule this 

 is not a very destructive disease in On- 

 tario. 



Spraying with the self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur about a month after the fruit is 

 set will usually control this disease quite 

 satisfactorily, as shown by the exp)eri- 

 ments of Professor Scott, of Washing- 

 ton, D.C. 



Best Varieties of Fruit to Plant 



EACH year many beginners in fruit 

 growing anxiously ask the question, 

 what are the l>est varieties of fruit 

 for me to grow? The question is not such 

 a difficult one to answer as It was a few 

 years ago. The numerous demonstration 

 orchards, experimental farms, and agri- 

 cultural colleges that are now located in 

 almost all our provinces have each help- 

 ed to provide accurate information on 

 this point. This information is furnish- 

 ed free, often in bulletin form, to all who 

 apply for it. In every province begin- 

 ners will do well to consult their local 

 provincial authorities in regard to var- 

 ieties before giving extensive orders for 

 nursery stock. 



Varieties of fruit that do well in some 

 provinces are utterly unsuited for growth 

 in oither provinces. Again, varieties that 

 thrive in some parts of a province are 

 not a success when grown in other parts 

 of the same province. For this reason 

 it is always advisable to consult not only 

 experienced Government officials but also 

 successful fruit growers in the section 

 where planting is contemplated. 



In each province there are certain var- 

 ieties of fruit that have been proved to be 

 especially adapted for the conditions 

 there prevailing. In order to assist those 

 readers of The Canadian Horticultur- 

 ist who desire information on this sub- 

 ject we hereby publish lists of varieties 

 of fruit best suited for growth in the 

 proviBpf^'.iii'entioned as given by some of 

 the •issuing authorfti6s in each province. 



;.{:" NOVA '^tlSTIA 



;F'rom Nova Scotia;' Prof. P. J. Shaw, 

 of Ylie Truro Agricultural College, writes 

 as ^gllows : The most'profitable varieties 

 of a^j^^es for the\ Annapolis Valley are 

 now ptj^tty; well kii'own to the growers. 



They include the Gravenstein, Ribston, 

 Blenheim, King, Yellow Bellflower, 

 Wagener, Cox Orange, Baldwin, R. I. 

 Greening,"" Stark, Northern Spy, Golden 

 Russet, Fallawater, Nonpariel, and Ben 

 Davis. 



Earlier varieties grown in small quan- 

 tities are Astrachan, Y. Transparent, 

 Duchess of Oldenburg, William's Favor- 

 ite, and Wealthy. They are mostly sold 



Educational Exhibit of New Bruntwick Fiuit 



"One of the exhibits of fruit as made at the re- 

 cent provincial fruit show at St. John, N.B. 



locally, and therefore do not find as large 

 a market as most of those named in the 

 first list, which are chiefly sold in Great 

 Britain, Germany, the West Indies, and 

 South Africa. There are also some Alex- 

 ander, Mcintosh Red, Wolf River, and 

 Mann grown. 



For that part of Nova Scotia from Truro 

 east, including the island of Cape Breton, 

 the varieties which seem to do the best 

 are: Crimson Beauty, Yellow Transpar- 

 ent, Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy, 

 Wolf River, Alexander, Dudley, Mcin- 

 tosh Red, and possibly Baxter and Mil- 

 waukee. 



For conditions in New Brunswick, A. 

 G. Turney, of Fredericton, the provin- 

 cial horticulturist, has the following to 



say: 



The wrong selection of varieties, not 

 only in this province but in all places 

 where fruit is grown, has occasioned 

 enormous loss and great disappwintment 

 to fruit growers. The recommendations 

 following represent the result of personal 

 observations, together with the experi- 

 ence of our leading growers. 



Apples not recommended at all include 

 Ben Davis, Gano and Stark. Not to be 

 planted on their own roots : Northern 

 Spy, American Baldwin, Rhode Island 

 Greening, King of Tompkins, Graven- 

 stein, Bishop Pippin, Ribston Pippin. 

 Blue Pearmain, Blenheim Pippin, On- 

 tario and Wagener. 



In the best sections of Albert, Char- 

 lotte, King's, Queen's, Sunbury, West- 

 morland, and York counties, the Bishop 

 Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and Blue Pear- 

 main can be grown very successfully by 

 top-grafting to hardier stocks, such as 

 Talman Sweet, Fameuse, and MacMa- 

 han's White. 



South of a straight line drawn east and 

 west from Woodstock to Shediac, the 

 following varieties have proved hardy 

 and valuable : 



Summer— -Crimson Beauty, Red Astra- 

 chan, Yellow Transparent. 



Autumn — Duchess, New Brunswicker, 

 Dudley. 



Early Winter — Wealthy, Alexander, 

 Wolfe River, Fameuse, Mcintosh Red, 

 Ribston Pippin (best top-grafted). 



Winter — Bishop Pippin (top-grafted), 

 Bethel, Canada Baldwin, Talman Sweet, 

 Baxter, Peewaukee. These last two 

 \-arieties are not recommended very 

 strongly. 



North of the same line the following 

 varieties are recommended : 



Summer — - Crimson Beauty, Yellow 

 I ransparent . 



Autumn — Duchess, New Brunswicker 



Early and Midwinter — Wealthy, Wolfe 

 River, Fameuse, Alexander. 



Winter — Scott's Winter, Canada Bald- 

 \\\n. 



For commercial apple growing, where 

 the orchards will range larger, the 

 Fameuse, Mcintosh Red, Bethel, Bishop 

 Pippin, and Talman Sweet will find a 

 ready sale at good prices on the local 

 markets. For export purposes from this 

 list we would leave out the Bishop Pip- 

 pin, and Talman Sweet, and add the 

 Duchess, Dudley. Wealthy, and Alex- 

 ander or Wolfe River. For fuller infor- 

 mation on this point, read the writer's 

 article in the September issue of Thk 

 Canadian Horticulturist for 1911. 



QUEBEC 



Prof. W. S. Blair, of Macdonald Col- 

 lege, Que., recommends the following 

 varieties of' fruit as suitable for the pro- 

 vince of Quebec: 



