May, 9121 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



"5 



liyi I'W x^ 



6 — The Progress of Decaf Doe to a Long Stab Being Left. 



materials to be used in covering the ex- 

 posed surface. 



The reckless making of wounds does 

 not end in unsightliness. The dead stub 

 carries the decay deeper and deeper into 

 the tissue, until the tree has a decayed 

 heart, which is usually the beginning of 



shown in figure five. If this is not 

 done a ragged wound is induced, which 

 carries the split tissue into the tree trunk 

 and healing is very slow. The cut sur- 

 face, if at all large, should be covered 

 JDy thick paint or grafting wax. Paint 

 is to be preferred. It sticks well, keeps 

 out the water and prevents the entrance 

 of disease. 



TIME TO PETTNE 



When to prune is still a debatable ques- 

 tion. Some growers hold that late spring 

 pruning tends to increase the fruit supply 

 and that fall or early winter pruning in- 

 creases the development of wood. I 

 really don't know. Other growers say, 

 "Prune when your knife is sharp." This 

 is better than no pruning, but it lacks 

 system and is seldom satisfactory. For 

 commercial work the pruning must be 

 done at some particular season and car- 

 ried on in a systematic manner after some 



S — A Wonnd Properly Made. A Properly Made Woond 

 Nearly Healed. 



definite plan. I am satisfied that spring 

 pruning is more generally followed than 

 any other. Late winter pruning is satis- 

 factory for some trees, and usually the 

 grower has more time during that season 

 while summer "pinching" or "stopping" 

 has its place. 



Refrigeration in Relation to Fruit Growing 



Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, J. A. Ruddick, Ottawa 



Wroag and Proper Methods of Catting Off a Large Limb 



the end. This is shown in the illustra- 

 tions as well as the proper method of 

 making a wound and how nature covers 

 it. If the branch is very heavy it may 

 be necessary to cut it some way from the 

 trunk, and after the weight is removed 

 to cut a second time as it should be, as 



THE manner in which packages are 

 stowed in an iced car is of the great- 

 est importance in securing best re- 

 sults. The full benefit of the iced car is 

 lost unless there is provision for a free cir- 

 culation of air from the ice bunkers and 

 among the packages. Refrigerator cars 

 are very often loaded so that there is 

 little or no circulation of air, and in such 

 a car the temperature will be uneven and 

 much higher than it should be. This is 

 one thing about which a great deal has 



•Extract from a paper read at the recent 

 Dominion Fruit Conference in Ottawa. 



yet to be learned by the average fruit 

 shipper in this country. 



There is rather a common impression 

 that the ice adds moisture to the air in 

 a car, but that is not necessarily so. If 

 there is a good air circulation under and 

 between the packages the air will be 

 drier than it would be if there was no 

 ice in the car. The moisture is carried 

 by the circulation air to the ice bunker 

 and deposited on the cold surface of the 

 ice. 



Peaches, plums and other soft fruits 

 are not susceptible of being preserved 



Apple Trees in Bloom in thejLargeat Apple Orchard in Ontario. There are Rows of Tree* a Mile Long 



The apple orchard of W. H. Gibson, of N©wca«tle, Ont., is here shown in part. The trees are thirty-t-wo feet apart. The apples from these trees 

 graded eighty per cent number one. Mr. Gihson obtains better colored fruit on clay loam by leaving a strip of grass mulch, twelve feet wide under 



the trees and cultivating the center between the rows. 



