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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



July, 1912 



A Disc Harrow 



for the Fruit Grower 



THE MASSEY-HARRIS ORCHARD 

 DISC HARROW is indispensable for 

 orchard and vineyard work, it being 

 especially designed for fruit culture, and 

 is also useful for general discing about 

 the small farm. 



An Extension Frame can be furnished 

 enabling this Disc Harrow to cultivate 

 under and close to the trees and bushes 

 without the horses injuring the branches 

 or fruit. The depth of cultivation may 

 be regulated by adjusting the hinge 

 which attach the disc gangs to the frames 



Gangs are reversible so as to throw, 

 the soil to or from the trees and vines, 

 and can be set to cut deep or shallow in 

 the centre, as desired. 



One lever controls the angle of each 

 gang, thus regulating the amount of soil 

 thrown to the roots. 



The Ma«sey-Harris is fitted with ten 16-inch 

 Discs and effective Scrapers are provided for 

 keeping the Discs clean. 



Ejctra Discs with Spools can be furnished for 

 converting the machines into a twelve disc size. 



The Harrow with ten Discs cuts 5 feet and 6 

 inches, and when the Elxtension Frame is used 

 the machine measures 10 feet and 1 inch in width. 



Massey-Harrls Co., Limited 



Head Offices - TORONTO 



Bri,nches at Montreal, Moncton, Winnipeg. 

 Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton 



paratively little cost, as most of them are 

 already fairly well insulated. Where there 

 are two or more warehouses in a locality 

 it would be quite practicable to operate 

 them all from a central refrigerating plant 

 with a pipe line system connecting with 

 each warehouse. This plan could be car- 

 ried out at places like Brighton and Col- 

 borne on Lake Ontario, and at many sta- 

 tions on the Dominion Atlantic Kauway in 

 Nova Scotia. It would be very economi- 

 cal both in the matter of equipment and 

 operation. 



It has always seemed to me since I Hat-e 

 been able to give any attention xo sucn 

 matters that small cold storages using ice, 

 or, better still, salt and ice as a refrigerant, 

 would be of much service to individual 

 growers, and especially in the tenaer iruit 

 districts. 



Recent Publications 



A number of interesting and valuable 

 publications have reached The Canadian 

 Horticulturist during the past month. 

 "Vegetable Gardening," by Ralph L. Watts, 

 Prof, of Horticulture, in the Pennsylvania 

 State College, is one of the most complete 

 works dealing with this subject we have yet 

 seen. It is written with a twofold purpose, 

 first to meet the demand of instructors de- 

 siring a text-book on vegetable gardening, 

 and, second, to present in an organized 

 form data of value to all classes of vegetable 

 growers. The work relates to the culture 

 rather than the systematic study of 

 vegetables, although some attention is 

 given to a description and classification of 

 the more important garden crojjs. The sub- 

 jects dealt with include soil, tillage and till- 

 age tools, manures and cover crops, com- 

 mercial fertilizers, irrigation, insects and 

 diseases, seeds and seed growing, hot beds 

 and cold frames, transplanting, cultural 

 directions and marketing. The book com- 

 prises over five hundred pages, is profusely 

 illustrated and may be obtained from the 

 Orange Judd Company through The Horti- 

 cultural Publishing Co., Peterboro, Ont. 



"Oxford Gardens," by R. T. Gunther, 

 M.A., Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 

 is a beautifully bound, well-iUustrated 

 volume of almost three hundred pages. Its 

 contents are based upon Daubeny's Popular 

 Guide to the Physick Garden of Oxford, 

 with notes on the gardens of the colleges 

 and on the University Park 'ibis volume 

 may be obtained from Simpkin, Marshall 

 and Company, of London, England. 



Bulletin No. 99, of the University of Mis- 

 souri, Columbia, Missouri, deals with the 

 inspection of commercial fertilizers. Bul- 

 letin 98, of the same college, is entitled 

 "San Jose Scale in Missouri." It is illus- 

 trated and contains valuable infoi-mation 

 concerning the character and control of this 

 pest. 



The Department of Agriculture of the 

 Province of Quebec has issued the report of 

 the Experimental Fruit Stations of the 

 province for 1911. The report is by 

 Auguste Dupuis, Director of Fruit Sta- 

 tions, and includes reports from the sub- 

 stations throughout the province. The re- 

 port shows that considerable good work is 

 being done by the fruit stations in Quebec. 



The Dominion Drpartniont of Agricul- 

 ture has issued a bound volume containing 

 Bulletins 21 to 30 of the Dairy and Cold 

 Storage Commiasioner's series, being vol- 

 ume two, 1907 to 1911. It contains the re- 

 ports on the trial shipments of cold storage 

 apples and r)eaches and the Inspection and 

 Sale Act, revised edition. 



The making of grape vinegar is discussed 

 by Frederic T. Bioletti in Bulletin No. 237 



of the Agricultural Experiment Station, 

 Berkeley, California. 



From the Agricultural Experiment Sta- 

 tion at .\me8, Iowa, has been received Bul- 

 letin No. 127, entitled "Spraying Practice 

 for Orchard and Garden," by S. A. Bea<A. 



The use of explosives in clearing land is 

 dealt with at considerable length by J. F. 

 Kadonsky, in Bulletin No. 216, of the Uni- 

 versity of Wisconsin, Madi.son, Wisconsin. 



New control methods for pear thrips and 

 peach tree borer are deecribed by Earl L. 

 Morris, in Bulletin No. 228, of the Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station at Berkeley, 

 California. 



The division of botany of the Central Ex- 

 perimental Farm, Ottawa, is distributing 

 Bulletin No. 63, by H. T. Gussow, Dominion 

 Botanist, entitled "A Serious Potato Dis- 

 ease Occurring in Newfoundland." The 

 disease is the potato canker, which has 

 caused enormous damage in Europe. Cana- 

 dian growers are warned to be on the watch 

 for its appearance in Canada. 



The University Farm, St. Paul, Minn., 

 has issued extension bulletins 22 and 23. 

 The first is entitled "Establishing the 

 Orchard," and is by K. A. Kirpatrick. The 

 second deals with "Some Common Insects 

 and Their Control." It is compiled from 

 "Insect Life," by F. L. Washburn, State 

 Entomologist, and Warren Williamson. 



The German Potash Syndicate, of Toron- 

 to, is distributing a well-iUustrated pam- 

 phlet by T. Walter Shipley, entitled "Fer- 

 tilizing Fodder Crops." Among other use- 

 ful information it gives tabulated results of 

 fertilizer exiieriments with fodder crops, 

 showing calculated profits. 



The Thinning of Fruit 



(Concluded from poffe 161) 

 ing. On slender twigs and on wood of the 

 past season's growth (where many varieties 

 bear heavily in British Columbia), it is well 

 to thin to a greater distance than on strong 

 fruit spurs m the body of the tree. On the 

 outside twigs and shoots, the fruit will aver- 

 age smaller than on the stouter branches; 

 they are unable to grow a close crop of fruit 

 to perfection. 



A very important point, especially with 

 regard to the Yellow Newtown apple is 

 that the centre apple of the cluster and' not 

 one of the side apples, should remain The 

 centre blossom of the cluster comes out 

 first; jts stem is usually shorter and stock- 

 ier than those of the outside blossoms and 

 at the time of thinning the apple is usually 

 niuch larger than the others and on a 

 shorter stem. The centre apple usually 

 hangs better to the tree, is the typical apple 

 of the variety, is less liable to variation in 

 shape, and having a shorter stem is better 

 for packing and for appearance's sake. 



Fruit spurs vary greatly in size and 

 vitality ; the best spurs bear the best fruit ■ 

 the weaker spurs should be given a chance 

 to develop into strong ones befor* next 

 year's crop. 



In the production of fancy fruit, thin- 

 ing pays, and pays well. It means much 

 in the assurance of crops of only higher-class 

 fruit, it is not likely to be of value unless 

 the orchard is right in the matters of 

 variety, fertility, cultivation, pruning, and 

 spraying ; it is' not likely to give good re- 

 turns unless the high-class article produc.-d 

 IS properly packed and marketed bv busi- 

 ness-like methods. Thinning is an essen- 

 tial feature of the new orchard culture. 



I am much pleased with The Canadian 

 HoRTicri.TURi8T and would not be without 

 it for twice the cost. — P. E. Smith, Rox- 

 ham, Que. 



