May 26, 1904. 



TH£ AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



373 



trance being at one end. At that time I endeavored to get the bee- 

 keepers of the world united on a standard tranae, and sugRested the 

 above dimensions. Very soon I found out, however, I had niiuln 

 a mistake. There were not onlj- more frames of the Langstroth 

 dimensions in common use than any other, but the majority of tlie 

 bee-keepers preferred the Langstroth size to any other; and, ii I am 

 not mistaken, the same has held good during all the 30 or more years 

 since then. 



Another of the veteran bee-keepers and writers has been called to 

 to his long home — another reminder to those of us who are getting; 

 well along in years, that our stay in this world is coming to a close. 

 Peace to the ashes of Bro. Adair. 



An Apiary of M. R. Kuehne appears on the first page. He 

 wrote us as follows when sending the picture: 



This picture represents my home apiary of '200 colonies of bees, 

 situated just outside of the city limits. One-half of the bees are run 

 for comb honey, and the other half for e.xtracted. 



The house in the picture is the extracting-house, and contains one 

 4-frame Cowan extractor with 13-inch pockets, so I can extract 8 half- 

 depth frames, as I use quite a number of Ideal supers for the brood- 

 chamber, and find they give better results than the full-size Lang- 

 stroth frames, especially for comb honey production and other neces- 

 sary manipulations. 



The storage-tank can not be seen in the picture, as it is directly 

 under the house. 



The man in the picture is ray oldest son, •' John," who has charge 

 of this apiary, while I attend to anolherapiary of 100 colonies 23 miles 

 away, in San Bernardino County, at which place I also run, in addi- 

 tion to mine, another apiary of 125 colonies, belonging to another 

 man. This keeps us pretty busy during the honey season, and it is no 

 child's play for a man of 60 years, but as I dearly love the work with 

 the bees I find it no great hardship. 



I commenced bee-keeping in California 7 years ago, with 5 colo- 

 nies of bees, and poor health. To-day I am in perfect health, and 

 have two good apiaries, and make a fair living out of bee-keeping. 



M. R. Kuehne. 



We had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Kuehne at the Los Angeles 

 convention. He evidently proved by his physica' appearance what 

 bee-keeping and a California climate will do for a man who takes 

 good doses of both. 



Mr. W. A. Pryal's "Daisy" Hoiue is shown on the first 

 page of this issue. In referring to the picture in a letter, Mr. Pryal 

 writes thus: 



The house is an old rambling cottage of ten rooms or so. But the 

 photograph was not taken on account of the beauty of the shanty, but 

 on account of — did I hear you say weeds in the foreground? Slow 

 there, my boy ! They are not weeds ; they are what are called mar- 

 guerites or daisies. 



The tree with the large trunk is a red-gum (eucalyptus). The 

 branch hiding the roof on the right is that of an almond. A Lamarque 

 rose clings to a corner of the house, while two kinds of Lady 

 Banks roses cover the porch. Palms and other trees fill up the re- 

 mainder of the vegetable portion of the picture. But, say, did you 

 ever see such daisies S No slang intended. W. A. Prtal. 



No wonder Mr. Pryal is such ''a daisy '' himself, when we see how 

 he has lived among the daisies so long. 



But what a charming spot that old home must be ! And what 

 t«nder memories must be entwined among those roses, the eucalyptus, 

 palms, and — yes, daisies. Could one imagine a more appropriate 

 place where could be applied the words, " Home, Sweet Home?" 



Money as a Health-Food is the name of a 16- 

 page leaflet (3^4x6 inches) which is designed to help in- 

 crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is 

 devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written 

 by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains "Honey-Cook- 

 ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be 

 widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It 

 is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We 

 know, for we have used it ourselves. 



Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free ; 10 for 20 cts. ; 25 

 for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; SCO 

 for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free 

 at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or 

 more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. 



Amerlkanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is 

 a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what 

 our^German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, ant! 

 neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the 

 American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address 

 all orders to this office. 





Contributed Articles 



) 



Do Queens Mate More Than Once? 



BY DR. C. C. MILLER. 



MR. P. H. HARBECK desires to hear from myself and 

 others as to the possibility of a queen mating more 

 than once. My personal testimony in the case can 

 only be negative. In all the years of my bee-keeping I 

 never saw a case in which I could be sure that a queen 

 mated more than once. But it will hardly do to be too dog- 

 matic and say that because we have never seen a thing it is 

 impossible that any one else could have seen it. Of the 

 thousand of queens I have had fertilized, I have seen very 

 few return from the bridal trip, and in no case could I be 

 positive that a second excursion was not made. 



There have been mentioned in the European bee-jour- 

 nals some cases in which a second mating was said to have 

 occurred, and it so happens that in the last number of 

 Gleanings, page 385, comes a case exactly in point, where 

 no less authority than Prof. Frank Benton gives minute 

 particulars as to two cases in which a second mating took 

 place, in which he is absolutely positive that there could be 

 no mistake. 



After all, why should such a thing be considered so very 

 strange? Is it not the usual thing in the whole animal 

 world that mating occurs more than once ? Why should 

 bees be an exception ? 



I am a little surprised to find some of Mr. Harbeck's ob- 

 servations so much at variance with the observations of 

 others. He speaks of the meeting of the queen and drone 

 as if it were a thing he had witnessed a number of times. 

 That bespeaks very long familiarity with bees on the part 

 of Mr. Harbeck, for it is not likely that one bee-keeper in a 

 thousand ever saw a case of the actual meeting of queen 

 and drone, to say nothing of a number of cases. One ex- 

 pects, therefore, great familiarity with the habits of bees in 

 other respects, and yet the behavior of Mr. Harbeck's bees 

 seem different from the behavior of bees in common. It is 

 possible that he has not been as careful in his observations 

 as he might have been. 



He says : " When a prime swarm issues there are two 

 or three queens ready to come out. While it is not always 

 the case, it often happens." As a rule, no young queen is 

 ready to leave her cell until several day after the issuing 

 of the prime swarm. Stress of weather may cause delay, 

 but the case would be very rare in which swarming would 

 be delayed until the emergence of the first young queen. 



Then Mr. Harbeck speaks of the young queen flying 

 out on her bridal excursion as soon as the old queen leaves, 

 another queen emerging, and this latter queen killing the 

 first one on her return. If he will observe a little more 

 closely he will probably find that his bees do just as other 

 bees, that the young queen gives no thought to her nuptial 

 flight till all rivals are out of the way, either in or out of 

 the cell, and that the dead young queens he finds in front of 

 the hive will not be found with marks of impregnation. 



McHenry Co., 111. 



Indoor and Outdoor Wintering of Bees. 



BY C. P. DADANT. 



Do you think the winters are too long in this part of the country 

 where the ground freezes the first half of November and does not thaw 

 out until the first half or middle of April, although the flowers do not 

 begin to bloom until May? Of course, the temperature is quite severe 

 in the middle of the winter, but that will not cut any figure if bees are 

 kept in a cellar, or other proper place.— J. Edward Blake, Becker 

 Co., Minn. 



For a number of years I have contended that we are 

 here on the north limit of safe outdoor wintering. When 

 the winters are mild the cellar-wintering in our section is 

 unsatisfactory, owing to the inability to keep a cellar cool 

 enough for the bees to remain quiet. In addition to this 

 difficulty, the warm winters produce too much moisture, the 

 cellar becomes damp and the bees suffer, the combs that are 

 not covered by them become moldy. But in the North, 

 where the above inquirer is located, there is no such trouble. 

 When the cold weather begins, it is rarely interrupted by a 



