June 20, 1901. 



AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



399 



than 50,000 will withstand withuut injury the 

 same temperature. 



Somewhere between the sintrle hee and the 

 cluster of 50.000 there must Ije found the 

 smallest cluster that will withstand a tempera- 

 ture of 33 degrees, and a cluster of any less 

 size will succumb. What the size of that 

 cluster is I do not know. I wish I did. 



It is also true that a cluster of .50.000 bees 

 will stand a temperature much lower than 82 

 degrees, for bees, to a certain extent, make 

 their own temperature. Somewhere in the 

 neighborhood of .50 degrees is as low as bees 

 seem to like in winter, for the temperature 

 of the outer part of the cluster. When it gets 

 below that there will be a stirring of the clus- 

 ter to increase the heat, each bee being a little 

 furnace with honey as fuel. 



Sui)pose that the air surrounding the clus- 

 ter is at 40 degrees. Suppose. als(_>. that the 

 temperature of the cluster is 5o degrees, and 

 that the bees are entirely' dormant. In that 

 case it is quite clear that the cluster will 

 gradually cool down till it is of the same tem- 

 perature as the surrounding air. But the 

 bees are not dormant, and they will at once 

 proceed to bring up the temperature. Just 

 so long as the cluster is warmer than the 

 surrounding air, heat will be given off from 

 the cluster, and a continual production of 

 heat will be necessary to replace that which 

 is lost by radiation. That radiation is always 

 of necessity from the outer surface of the 

 cluster, so the outer surface will always be 

 cooler than the center, or, in other words, the 

 center will be somewhere above 50 degrees. 



Now, suppose the outer temperature keeps 

 getting lower and lower. The lower it gets 

 the more rapid the radiation from the surface 

 of the cluster, and the heat in the center of 

 the cluster that was sufficient when the sur- 

 rounding air was at 40 degrees will no longer 

 suffice. So the heat must be increased in the 

 center of the cluster, and when the outer air 

 becomes cold enough the heat in the center of 

 the cluster will rise to that of summer, and 

 we have the paradox that the colder the 

 weather the warmer the cluster. 



It must not be understood that the heat in 

 the center of the cluster must depend entirely 

 on the surrounding temperature. Anything 

 that excites the bees to greater activity will 

 increase the heat of the cluster, so that tem- 

 perature may be brought up at any time; but 

 as the outside temperature lowers, the inside 

 must be brought up, if the colony is not to 

 perish. 



With these principles fairly understood, we 

 are ready for the question, '• What is the 

 lowest temperature of the air surrounding the 

 cluster that will allow the bees to build 

 comb f The answer is that the colder the 

 surrounding air the more nearly will the heat 

 of the cluster be to the point of comb-build- 

 iTig, so there is no degree of cold so severe 

 that comb-building may not take place unless 

 so severe as to stop all vital action, a degree 

 that is never reached under the natural con- 

 ditions when a strong colony has plenty of 

 stores within easy reach. 



It may occur to some one to inquire: 

 '■Why is it we are so constantly told that 

 about 45 is the proper temperature for a cel- 

 lar, if .50 degrees is the temperature to which 

 the cluster must be raised ? Why not have 

 the cellar at .50 degrees, and save the bees the 

 trouble of raising the additional 5 degrees ;" 

 The answer is easy. Practical experiment has 

 shown that bees are (luieterat 45 degrees than 

 at .50 degrees. That answer may silence, but 

 with some it will not fully satisfy. Well, 

 then, the answer may be something like this : 

 The bees are never entirely dormant, so they 

 are always producing a little heat, and it the 

 surrounding air be at 50 degrees, then the 

 additional heat produced by the bees will run 

 it above .5t( degrees. Moreover, it is not pos- 

 sible to keep the air of the cellar constant, 

 and if it is a little loo cold the bees can bring 

 it up, but if it is too warm they can not cool 

 it down. 



Send for circular s^JK^'f^ 



improved and orig'inal Bidfrhara Mee-Smoker. 

 For 23^ ears the Best on Kakih. 



25Atf T. F. BINGHAM. Harwell. Mich. 



Please mention Bee Journal -whtoi -writing. 



THE WHEEL OF TIME 



Metal Wheel. 



e them in aU sizis aii.l vari- 

 :. 1 « FIT AN V A .X l.K. -vny 



rspoke. Can FIT VOUK 



\V AGON perfrellv wilhmit .hni.L'e. 



> NO BREAKING DOWN. 



No drvlas ooL No resetting tires. Olieup 



I beca'u(»c they endure. Send for catji. 

 Inoue and prices. Free upon reqoest. 



Electric Wheel Co. 

 Box 16 Qurncy. Ills. 



Please mention Bee Journal when writing. 



t?h:ose3 



Long-Ton^ue Adels 



BlAVEK, P-4., April 4, IWl. 

 From one 3-franie nucleus you sent me I look 

 213K pounds of e.xtracted honey. 



Wm. S. Barclay. 

 Each Queen, Sl.uii. 

 Essav, " How Not to Rear Queens," sent free. 



24A4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass. 



Please mention Bee Journal -when ■WTitlng 



LEARN TO SING 



► ,U K by my thorough method 

 iiiiiif;. With my complete 

 I f?uarantee to train andcul- 

 ttic your voice or refund your 

 •ney. The best musical knowledge 

 -—need especially for Home Stody. 

 ..... Highest Enaorsemeat. Beautiful 

 !descripllve bockteteeat free. Address 



'Prof. G. M. Whalfly, Kalamazoo, Mich. 



Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writing. 



A Home in Colorado 



FOR 

 SALE 



I have a fine Fruit-Ranch o( 14 acres here at 

 Fruita, all set to tine fruit, principally winter 

 apples, with plenty of small fruits, peaches, 

 pears, plums, cherries, apricots, prunes, and 

 about 700 grapes ; 100 colonies of bees, mostly 

 Italians, and about 100 fine Belgian hares that 

 I will sell with the place. The orchard is in 

 fine bearing, being about 10 years old, and is 

 clean and free from weeds. The house is a 

 good "-room one, nearly new, with bath and 

 water ; a good new barn for two horses and 

 two cows ; good brick hen-house and two good 

 cellars, good lawn and shade. I have a paid- 

 up water-right with the place, with an abun- 

 dance of water at all times for irrigation. I 

 am desirous of making a change in my occu- 

 pation, and will sell the place at a bargain. 

 With the proper party the yield from the place 

 this .year will be about $2,000. It joins up to 

 within 30 rods of the town site of Fruita, 

 where we have one of the best high schools in 

 the State, employing " teachers. It is only Jij- 

 mile to the depot, churches, school and post^ 

 oflice. and has telephone connections with all 

 parts of the State. This is a good, healthj- cli- 

 mate, and good society. 



Address for terras and further particulars, 



J. C. CARNAHAN, 



Box 64. FRUITA. MESA Co.. COLO. 



Please mention Bee Jotirnal -when WTitiiip 



Please lueHtlon Bee Journal 

 when writing Advertisers 



il stt itt >{< >!i >ti sit iJt >lt ite >Ji sli ili!# 



|HON&y AND beeswax! 



■?]>??>}? >p >p- yjtf >!«• >j? Tpr^^v 75? Tp-Tp:^ 



MARKET QUOTATIONS. 



Chicago, June 7.— Not any new comb honey 

 has come to this market up to date hereof, but 

 promises are being made for some before the 

 mouth closes. A little good white comb still on 

 sale, which easily brings 1(jc; not much of any 

 other kind here. P^.xtracted very dull, practi- 

 cally no sales made. Beeswax firm at 30c. 



R. A. BnRNHTT & Co. 



Detroit, June 8.— Strawberries are taking- 

 the attention, and very few sales of honey are 

 made, but prices seem to keep up on good' lots. 

 Beeswax in fair demand at 27@2.Sc. 



M. H. Hunt & Soir, 



Cincinnati, May 17.— No demand for comb 

 honey, also stock of it well e.\hausted. Ex- 

 tracted very dull; sales are more or less forced; 

 lower prices from M to 1 cent per pound. 



C. H. W. Wbbbr. 



Boston, May 21.— Our market continues dull 

 on honey with very light stocks on hand. Our 

 normal prices are as follows: Faccy 1-pound 

 cartons, 17c; A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, ISc; No. 2, 12® 

 14c. Extracted from 6H®>7}4c. 



Blakb, Scott A LiBB. 



Omaha, May 1.— Comb honey, extra white, 

 24-frame cases, per case, $3.40; No. 1, $3.25; am- 

 ber, $3.00. Peycke Bros. 



New York, June 1.— E-itracted honey is ex 

 ceedingly dull and very little moving. Wequote 

 for the present: Wh'ae, h%(n~c; light amber, 

 S!4fgi6c; amber, Sras^c. Some demand for comb 

 honey at unchanged prices. New crop is now 

 beginning to arrive from the South, and sells at 

 from 12W ISc, according to quality and style. 

 Heeswax, 3')c. Hildrbth & Segelken. 



Albany, N. Y., June 1.— Honev market quiet. 

 No stock, no receipts, and no demand now. It 

 is between seasons. We look for good prices 

 the coming season, for in this vicinity the foul 

 brood has nearly exterminated the bee-keepers. 

 H. R. Wright. 



Buffalo, May 29.— Very light trade in all 

 grades of honey. Strictly fancy sells fairly, at 

 14@15c; dark dull at any price, and SfcQc about 

 the range. Beeswax, fancy, 27@2Kc; dark, 23® 

 25c. Batterson & Co. 



Kansas City, May 4.— Practically no ship- 

 ments arriving, and very little selling. We are 

 getting $3.50 to $3.05 per case of 24 sections No. 

 1 white; amber, $3.00 to $3.25. Beeswax scarce 

 at 25c. W. R. Cromwell Produce Co., 



Successors to C. C. demons & Co. 



San Francisco, June S.— White comb, 115i@ 

 125^ cents; amber, ')@liic; dark, 6(a).s cents. Ex- 

 tracted, white, 5@6c; light amber, 4@4Wc: 

 amber. 3M@4c. Beeswax. 26®28c. 



Dealers are very bearish in their ideas, but 

 are not securing much honey at the prices they 

 name. In a small way to special trade an ad- 

 vance on quotations is bein^^ realized. 



For Sale 



200 CRATES OF 2 



t»0-pound cans each; been 

 _ _ _ used once; in good condi- 

 tion; in lots of 1(1 crates, 3.^ cents a crate. 



FRED W. MUTH & CO., 



S.W. Cor. Front & Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, O. 



24A2t Please mention the Bee Journal. 



irtiif/ioro Quoon-A'ur- 



V mail. 75 cts., complete. Ad- 



, Pa. 



1901— Bee-Keepers' Supplies! 



We can furnish you with The A. I. Root Go's 

 goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can 

 save you freight, and ship promptly. Market price 

 paid for beeswax. Send for our 19<u catalog. 

 M. U. HDNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich 



Cftlifnrnla \ I' you care to know of its 

 WdlllUrilld J Fruits, Flowers, Climate 

 or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call- 

 fornia^s Favorite Paper— 



The Pacific Rural Press, 



The leading Horticultural and Agricultural 

 paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, 

 handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam- 

 ple copy free. 



PACIFIC RURAL PRESS. 

 330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal. 

 Ple?se mention Bee Journal when -writing. 



