THE CLOUDED YELLOW BUTTERFLY. 107 



Hi/ale), and the Brimstone, (G-onepteryxTUt-amni). The 

 caterpillars belonging to them are cylindrical in shape, 

 more like what is called a grub smooth and without 

 any spines. Those of the first two feed on leguminous 

 plants, those of the latter, as the specific name implies 

 feed on the Buckthorn (Rliamnus frangnla and R. 

 Catharticus). In the perfect insect the ground colour 

 is yellow, varying from the rich orange of Edusa to the 

 delicate greenish yellow of the female of Rhawni. 

 The markings are orange and black. All three insects 

 are strong and rapid fliers. They probably ah 1 

 hybernate through the whiter either regularly or 

 occasionally ; certainly the Brimstone does, for the 

 first warm days of the year generally supply a few 

 stray specimens. One is astonished at the marvel- 

 lously fresh and unfaded appearance of some of these 

 individuals ; it is difficult to imagine where they 

 can have sheltered themselves so securely for their 

 winter sleep. I have caught them in March without 

 a scratch or a mark of any kind on the wings, and 

 with the beautiful gray silky comb of hair on the 

 thorax perfect and unruffled. We also have evidence 

 of hibernation on the part of Edusa. Mr. Arthur 

 Taylor showed me, on the 28th of April, 1869, a 

 specimen he had just taken on the Warren : it was 

 small, tolerably fresh, and had undoubtedly survived 

 the brood of the year before. We have already had 

 notices of the reappearance of last year's specimens, 

 though I am not aware that any have been seen at 

 Folkestone. The proper time of its appearance fresh 

 from the chrysalis is in July, perhaps even the latter 

 end of June, and it was formerly supposed that this 

 was the only brood in the year. Then the appear 



