viii Contents. 



LECTURE III. 



OPERATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY SIMULATING INSTINCT ; AND THE 

 LOWEST FORMS OF INSTINCT FOR THE WELFARE OF THE INDI- 

 VIDUAL ANIMAL SUPPLEMENTING PHYSIOLOGY OR FUNCTION OF 

 ORGANS. 



PAGE 



Intelligent and instinctive acts.— The tent-moth.— Animal physiology.— 

 Structure, function, and instinct supplementing each other. — Unity 

 from system. — Specific plans.— Servitude of plants. — Life and its phe- 

 nomena.— Evolution of the tree. — The animal body a machine.— Its 

 evolution from the &^Z- — Variables giving rise to species. — Alchemists. 

 —Evolution of a specific form, the robin.- Growth of the bird requir- 

 ing instinctive action. — The first instinctive act. — Selection of food. — 

 Relation of life to the physical forces.— Doctrine of evolution.— Higher 

 manifestation of instinct in securing food 67 



LECTURE IV. 



HIGHER FORMS OF INSTINCT FOR THE WELFARE OF THE INDI- 

 VIDUAL OR THE SPECIES, HAVING NO IMMEDIATE RELATION TO 

 STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF ORGANS. 



Intelligence guided by experience.— Instinct independent.— A natural 

 development. — Building of nests or homes.— Perfection of nest no test 

 of the animal's rank.— The facts of building stated.— Relation of build- 

 ing to structure and function.— Variation in building.— Swallows.— 

 Thrushes.— Oriole.— Black-birds. — Sparrows. — Nests from different 

 localities. — Mr. Wallace's theory.— Difference in building power.— 

 Improvement by practice.— The cow-bird.— Supplementary instinct of 

 the foster-parent— Change of instinct compared with change in plants. 93 



LECTURE V. 



SOME MANIFESTATIONS OF HIGHER INSTINCT. — RELATION OF 

 INSTINCT TO SPECIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. 



Relation of the appetites to the instincts.— Perfection of the work no 

 proof of intelligence in the actor.— Test of intelligence.— Flexibility of 

 instinct,— The ampelopsis.— The bean.— The potato.— The knowledge 

 of enemies among fowls. — Common defence. — Simulation of death.— 

 Instinct and climatic change.— The muskrat.~The partridge.— Instincts 

 learned from observation alone.— Instincts essential to life.— Origin of 



