Commufiities. 149 



and guidance given to animals just as we now see 

 them manifested, or they show the same high pow- 

 ers in kind, in the animal, as the man possesses who 

 studies them and approves of them as the perfec- 

 tion of wisdom for the individual animal and the 

 flock. 



But we now come to consider certain social ani- 

 mals that cannot exist, except as communities. 

 There is, in some species, such difference in struc- 

 ture and function and Instinct in individuals of the 

 same communities, that there is a division of labor 

 marked out and made necessary by the very nature 

 of these individuals. The peculiarities found in 

 some species that make the organization of the com- 

 munity most efficient, are destructive to isolated 

 individual life. 



Of such animals, the Honey-bee is a good ex- 

 ample and the best known. We have in this spe- 

 cies, the Queen-mother, the drones or males, and 

 the workers; in the latter of which there is no 

 power of reproduction. Without the Queen-moth- 

 er there could be no continuance of the species, as 

 she alone produces all the eggs for the swarming 

 hive. The Queen and the drone, it would seem, 

 would alone be sufficient to secure the continuance 

 of the species. But not so ; for they do not even 

 collect honey for themselves, to say nothing of 

 their numerous progeny. To complete the organ- 

 ization of the hive, there must be another class, the 

 workers, which shall collect food and do all the 

 work of building for themselves, the Queen and 

 young. The conditions for an organized commu- 



