1 50 Ifistifut. 



nity are now complete. The great mass of individ- 

 uals in the hive, gain their reputation for industry 

 by working for the common good, — for Queen and 

 drone and young, — as well as for themselves. And 

 to this complicated organization, the instincts of 

 each individual are adjusted, so that each performs 

 its part, as each organ of the body performs its of- 

 fice, or each official would perform his part in a per- 

 fectly organized kingdom. 



Among Bumble-bees and Wasps we find differ- 

 ent kinds of individuals in the same community 

 as in the Honey-bee hive, but these communities 

 continue only a single season. The fertile females 

 alone survive the rigors of winter, while the multi- 

 tude die and the old nests are deserted never again 

 to be inhabited. These mothers, that are to preserve 

 the species, hide away in secure resting-places, till 

 spring calls them forth to commence alone the 

 founding of new colonies. 



Different species of the common Ant, as well 

 as the so called White Ant, afford marked illustra- 

 tions of this diversity of structure, function and In- 

 stinct in members of the same species, for the good 

 of the community. 



It has been known since the time of Huber the 

 younger, that some species of Ants make slaves of 

 the neuters of other species. The Red Ants of 

 Europe {Forjuica rufescens) not only make slaves 

 of the Brown Ants {Formica fused) ^ but are entirely 

 dependent upon them, being utterly unable to take 

 care of themselves. We here see a need so imper- 

 ative that this whole species of Ants would die in 



