Uniformity among Animals. 171 



first wakes to life. If It Is to have a parent's care, 

 then It has powers of body and mind just sufficient 

 to supplement the parent's labors. If it is one of a 

 race which never see their parents, then it has 

 greater gifts to begin with ; and fights its own bat- 

 tles, from the first moment of conscious existence. 

 It knows how to meet any emergency and perform 

 every needful work, as well as though instructed in 

 the best polytechnic schools, and aided by a centu- 

 ry of experience. 



When we consider the whole history of animals, 

 one of the first things that strikes us, is the great 

 uniformity that appears among those of the same 

 kind, when left to themselves under favoring condi- 

 tions. When we compare animals with the human 

 species, we see a uniformity in all the manifesta- 

 tions of being, on the one side, that could be secured 

 only by a controlling force, uniform in its nature 

 and operations in each species ; and on the other, 

 a diversity, that seems to originate from a force 

 having some peculiarity in every individual case. 

 It is a matter of great Interest to trace the cause 

 of this uniformity on the one hand, and of this di- 

 versity, on the other ; and to this investigation the 

 remaining lectures will be chiefly devoted. 



But for the present we wish to consider briefly 

 the uniformity of individuals in the same species of 

 animals ; and leave the question of diversity among 

 men, even of the same family, for future considera- 

 tion, when we have more materials bearing upon 

 the subject. 



We have already seen that Instinct, in its sim- 



