i8o Instinct. 



and animals. Men vary in the powers of mind, — 

 even members of the same family are often quite 

 unlike in temper, taste and ability. But we do not 

 speak of this difference among men, as any proof 

 that one possesses powers, in kind, that the other 

 does not possess ; but that one possesses a degree 

 of power and quality of temper which the other 

 does not have. 



There has been much confusion in reasoning, 

 in regard to the super-sensuous nature of animals, 

 because so many have decided, at the outset, that 

 they are here in a field entirely different from that 

 found in the study of man ; and because qualities 

 of powers or faculties, have been treated as new 

 powers, or as something having a tendency to pro- 

 duce new powers. Qualities may give the being 

 new pozver, but not new powers or factilties. The 

 new power comes from the better use and greater 

 strength of old powers. 



But in addition to these qualities that make a 

 difference between individuals of the same species, 

 and which vary in the same individual, in different 

 periods of life, we have taught in these lectures, 

 that Instinct varies in its manifestations in the same 

 individual to meet the different conditions of hfe ; 

 as plants vary by the law of their growth, for the 

 same purpose. That original impulse, knowledge 

 and skill, which are possessed by the animal with- 

 out experience, and which we have called INSTINCT, 

 are excited to action by the circumstances in which 

 the animal is placed. It often happens, that an 

 animal is so situated that it lives easily by the ex- 



