194 Instinct. 



detail, we shall find the animal affected by colors, 

 odors and sounds, as readily as men are. He may 

 like what a man dislikes ; as men may be affected, 

 in different ways, by the same odor or taste. If 

 we judge, as we do in every other case, it must be 

 plain to every observer, that animals have the same 

 kind of enjoyment and suffering, through the senses, 

 as men have. To heat and cold, hunger and thirst, 

 food and poison, sickness, pain and death, they 

 have the same bodily relations, in kind, as we our- 

 selves. So far as sensation has its recoil, in mus- 

 cular or physiological effects, there is great simi- 

 larity, if not identity, of effect. 



Those, who deny that the lower animals suffer 

 as men do, bring forward no valid argument in fa- 

 vor of their doctrine. It is clear assumption, from 

 some notion of what they think ought to be, — a 

 method of procedure utterly unworthy of any 

 searcher for truth. Besides, they seem to forget 

 that the same arguments, which are used to show 

 that the dumb animals do not suffer, but only ap- 

 pear to suffer, — if accepted, would prove that these 

 animals have no enjoyment, when they seem to be 

 happy, but only manifest the appearance of happi- 

 ness. So far as the argument, for the benevolence 

 of Deity, is concerned, it seems quite as worthy of 

 His character, that He has created the lower ani- 

 mals with the capacity for suffering and enjoyment, 

 as that He has denied them both, and introduced a 

 dumb show, that means nothing, simply to keep 

 up appearances ! We doubt not, the verdict of 

 every thinking man, who takes time to study and 



