202 histinct. 



in the work of those animals, Hke bees and silk* 

 worms, the work of which must be entirely instinct- 

 ive. Natural selection would secure uniformity, 

 within certain limits ; and there probably is, as we 

 have before suggested, the same sort of variation 

 of Instinct, in the same species, as there is of or- 

 ganic structure ; but so far as we can judge, the dif- 

 ference, in the work of insects of the same kind, 

 seems to arise from some disease or trouble with 

 the functions of the body ; and not with the In- 

 stinct, as a guiding power. 



But there certainly are intelligent, and stupid 

 animals, — animals without experience, and those 

 with an experience, which they turn to good ac- 

 count. Horses and dogs differ almost as much, in 

 their ability to learn from their own experience, or 

 to be taught by their masters, as men do. 



But, it is said by some, that this apparent learn- 

 ing, from experience and observation, is only a low 

 form of association of remembered sensations and is 

 never connected with real thinking. As an asser- 

 tion, this statement can have but little weight ; and, 

 as a proposition, we have yet to see it sustained by 

 any satisfactory proof. We see the same effects 

 in animals, which we know come from thinking in us, 

 — we see that certain acts of theirs are the same as 

 we perform, and we find the conditions so entirely the 

 same in both cases, that we feel called upon, in all 

 honesty, to infer thinking in the animal, until we can 

 find an argument against it better than those that 

 consist in denial, or which start from premises that 

 beg the whole question. 



