2o6 Instinct, 



ideas, connecting persons and places with pleasure 

 and pain, only when those persons or places are 

 again perceived by the senses. There are some 

 facts which seem to show that there is, in the ani- 

 mal, a sphere in which mental reproduction is as 

 independent of sensible objects, and as perfect, as 

 in man. The hound, that has been hunting, often 

 dreams of the chase. His limbs move, and he 

 barks and pants for breath, in his eagerness. If 

 now he is suddenly awaked, it is amusing to see 

 him rapidly glance around him, as though looking to 

 see where the game has vanished. After, apparent- 

 ly, satisfying himself that it was only a dream, he 

 settles back, for a second sleep, with all the gravity 

 of a man. 



From all these facts, we infer that through 

 the senses, men and the higher animals have the 

 same kind of sensations, — that pleasure and pain 

 are brought to both, through the nervous system, 

 under similar conditions. That they have the same 

 kind of emotions, is inferred, because the same 

 manifestations through the physical system, that 

 indicate fear, joy, anger, and shame in us, are seen 

 in them, under just such circumstances, as would 

 call forth those emotions in man. 



In a word, then, the appetites and desires, so far 

 as we can trace them, in men and animals are alike. 

 Animals remember places, persons, and events. 

 They love and hate. Harsh words and blows repel 

 them, and often render them vicious. Kind words 

 and good treatment will secure their confidence, 

 good service, and affection. They learn much from 



