2o8 Instinct, 



this control of Instinct, making Intelligence a ser^ 

 vant^ rather than accepting it as a master, which 

 gives the uniform plane to the life of animals, of the 

 same species, when left to themselves. This con- 

 trol of Instinct, as being the leading power in the 

 animal, is so apparent, that it probably accounts for 

 much of the reluctance, on the part of many, to rec- 

 ognize Intelligence in animals at all. It is natural 

 to think of Intelligence, wherever it is present, as 

 ruling Instinct ; because it thus rules in man. But 

 because Intelligence in animals, takes its place as a 

 servant, under the control of Instinct, it has, in 

 many cases, been entirely overlooked, or its exist- 

 ence denied. It has been taken for granted, that 

 Intelligence must rule, wherever it is present. In 

 water, there Is cohesion sufficient to form a liquid, 

 but gravitation rules ; and the current of water 

 moves on as this force determines. Cohesion plays 

 a subordinate part, and only enables gravitation to 

 give the water greater power, as It moves. When 

 cohesion Increases, by the fall of temperature, gravi- 

 tation still acts upon the particles, but It no longer 

 controls their movements. The icicle holds firmly 

 in Its place, the frozen river refuses to flow, and 

 crystals of ice shoot upward, in mockery of gravita- 

 tion. In water, cohesion is the servant of gravita- 

 tion ; in Ice, it becomes its master, though it can never 

 escape wholly from its power. So, Intelligence in 

 the animal, like cohesion in water, must bend all its 

 energies in obedience to the instinctive principles, 

 which control the actions of animals, as gravitation 

 does the particles of water. But in man, Intelli- 



