232 Ltstinct. 



to examples in the animal kingdom already men- 

 tioned. The fowl has an instinctive fear of death, 

 of which it knows nothing as yet. Fear is given 

 to secure the requisite action, without experience, 

 because the experience of death would be final, — 

 there would be, after that, no chance left to profit 

 by the experience. Therefore a fear is given to 

 act instinctively, just as though the animal had 

 learned all the terrors of death, by experience. 

 Certain animals, also, are thrown upon the world 

 without any parental protection. All such animals 

 act, from the beginning, in securing food and car- 

 ing for themselves, as though they had already 

 learned many things by experience. The young 

 Salmon wakes to Hfe far up in the cold waters of 

 the mountain streams, perhaps. There is no pa- 

 rent, and no fish of experience there to guide 

 him, or from which he can learn. At least, if he 

 learned from the fishes in the river at all, it would 

 be to remain there. But when the proper time 

 comes, all the thousands of young Salmon start for 

 the sea as their appropriate home, although they 

 have never seen it. They act exactly as though 

 they had had experience of the provisions of the 

 sea for their use ; and it is necessary for their well- 

 being that they should so act. So much of im- 

 pulse and direction must be given to them, if the 

 species is to exist at all. The fow4, also, has not 

 only the generic fear of death, instinctively, which 

 is common to all animals, but it has an instinctive 

 fear of certain things which might produce death. 

 The fowl, that has never seen a hawk, and can 



