PINE FAMILY 17 



3. P. canadensis BSP. WHITE SPRUCE, SKUNK SPRUCE, CAT 

 SPRUCE. A tall, rather conical tree, 60-70 ft. high. Leaves pale and 

 with a bloom sometimes | in. long. Cones cylindrical, with rounded 

 ends, about 2 in. long, falling inside of one year. A handsome tree, 

 valuable for timber, ranging far northward. 



4. P. Abies Karst. NORWAY SPRUCE. A large tree. Leaves dark 

 green, |-1 in. long. Cones 5-7 in. long. Cultivated from Europe. 



IE. TSUGA Carriere 



Sterile flowers, clusters of stamens springing from the axils 

 of leaves of the preceding year. Cones terminal, on twigs of 

 the preceding year, drooping, thin-scaled, ripening the first 

 year. Leaves minutely petioled, short, flat, white beneath, 

 2-ranked. 



1. T. canadensis Carriere. HEMLOCK. A large tree, in age branch- 

 less below when growing in dense woods. When young the spray is 

 very graceful and abundant. Leaves short-linear. Cones f in. or 

 less in length. The wood is coarse and splintery, but useful for 

 fences and other rough work. The thick reddish bark is of great 

 value for tanning. 



IV. ABIES Hill 



Sterile flowers from axils of leaves of the preceding year. 

 Cones erect, on the sides of the branches, with deciduous 

 scales, ripening the first year. Leaves scattered, but on hori- 

 zontal branches appearing 2-ranked, flat above, silvery, and 

 with a prominent midrib below. 



1. A. balsamea Mill. BALSAM FIR. A slender tree, 50-60 ft., 

 occasionally 80 ft., high, with dense foliage. Leaves narrowly linear, 

 less than 1 in. long. Cones violet-colored until old, cylindrical, 2-4 

 in. long. The bark contains many large blisters, filled with the well- 

 know Canada balsam. The wood is brittle and of little value. 



V. LARIX Mill. 



Flower spikes short, opening in early spring, before the 

 leaves ; the fertile ones, while still young, of a beautiful crim- 

 son color. Fruit a small cone, with thin scales. Leaves none 

 of them scaly, but all needle-shaped, soft, deciduous, very 

 numerous, in little brush-like bundles. 



