42 KEY AND FLORA 



green, not mottled. Flowers sessile ; sepals lanceolate, |-1 in. long ; 

 petals purple, elliptical, about the length of the sepals. Stamens half 

 the length of the petals. Styles elongated, straight. In rich woods.* 



2. T. erectum L. SQUAWROOT, BENJAMIN. Rootstock rather up- 

 right, large and stout. Leaves broadly diamond-shaped, tapering to 

 a short point. Pedicel 1-3 in. long, not quite erect. Petals ovate to 

 lanceolate, much broader than the sepals, of a rich brownish-purple 

 or sometimes white or pale. Stigmas distinct, stout, and spreading. 

 The disagreeable scent of the flower has given rise to several absurd 

 popular names for it. In rich woods. 



3. T. grandiflorum Salisb. LARGE-FLOWERED WAKE-ROBIN. Root- 

 stock horizontal, stem slender, 12-18 in. high. Leaves rhombic- 

 ovate, taper-pointed at the apex, rounded and sessile or slightly 

 peduncled at the base, smooth and with a bloom, 5-7 -nerved, bright 

 green. Peduncle longer than the erect or slightly declined flower. 

 Sepals lanceolate-acute, 1-1 5 in. long. Petals white, fading to pink, 

 longer than the sepals. Stamens less than half the length of the 

 petals. Style short; stigmas recurved. Fruit a black, roundish berry. 

 In rich woods.* 



4. T. cernuum L. NODDING TRILLIUM. Stem 8-20 in. high. 

 Leaves broadly rhombic or rhombic-ovate, 2-4 in. wide, taper- 

 pointed, sessile or nearly so. Peduncle recurved beneath the leaves. 

 Petals white or pink, wavy, somewhat recurved, as long as the 

 sepals or a little longer. Stamens with filaments about equaling the 

 anthers. Stigmas stout, recurved. Rich moist woods. 



5. T. nivale Riddell. DWARF WHITE TRILLIUM. Stem 2-4 in. 

 high. Leaves petioled, oval to ovate. Flower white, erect. Petals 

 -ly in. long, ovate-spatulate. Rich, damp woods, blooming with 

 the very earliest spring flowers. 



6. T. undulatum Willd. PAINTED TRILLIUM. Stem 8-12 in. high. 

 Rootstock oblique to the rest of the stem, rather small; roots long 

 and fibrous. Leaves ovate, taper-pointed. Petals white, penciled at 

 the base, with purple stripes, lance-ovate, somewhat recurved, wavy. 

 Cold woods, especially N. 



XXV. SMILAX L. 



Mostly woody vines, usually with prickly stems, climbing 

 by tendrils. Rootstock often large and tuberous. Leaves alter- 

 nate, prominently nerved, netted- veined, petioled ; stipules re- 

 placed by persistent tendrils. Flowers regular, dioecious, small, 

 greenish, in axillary umbels. Perianth bell-shaped, segments 

 6. Stamens 6, distinct. Ovary 3-celled, 3-6-ovuled ; stigmas 

 1-3, sessile or nearly so. Fruit a 1-6-seeded globose berry. 



