PYROLA FAMILY 177 



6. C. stolonifera Michx. RED OSIER DOGWOOD. A shrub 3-15 ft. 

 high, with smooth, reddish-purple bark on all the younger twigs; 

 spreading by suckers from the base and therefore the stems usually 

 clustered. Leaves on rather slender petioles, acute or taper-pointed, 

 rounded or tapered at the base ; covered, at least beneath, by very fine, 

 closely appressed hairs. Fruit white or nearly so, globose, in. or 

 more in diameter. Common in wet ground, especially N. 



7. C. alternifolia L. f. ALTERXATE-LEAVED DOGWOOD. A shrub or 

 small tree ; twigs greenish, striped. Leaves alternate, often clustered 

 at the ends of the twigs, long-petioled, oval, acute at the apex and 

 often at the base, minutely toothed, pale and covered with fine, ap- 

 pressed hairs beneath. Cymes loose and open; flowers white. Fruit 

 deep blue. Banks of streams.* 



H. NYSSA L. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or few- 

 toothed. Flowers somewhat monoecious or dioecious, the 

 staminate in many-flowered heads or cymes, the pistillate in 

 small clusters or solitary. Calyx tube 5-toothed or truncate. 

 Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5-10. Ovary 1-celled, 

 1-ovuled ; style long and recurved. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe. 



1. N. sylvatica Marsh. BLACK GUM. A tree with widely spread- 

 ing branches and dark, rough bark ; wood light-colored, very tough ; 

 base of trunk often enlarged. Leaves often clustered at the ends of 

 the twigs, oval or obovate, taper-pointed or obtuse at the apex, entire, 

 smooth and shining above, downy beneath, becoming bright red in 

 autumn. Staminate flowers in heads; pistillate flowers 3-10, in a 

 long-peduncled cluster. Fruit ovoid, dark blue or nearly black, in. 

 long ; stone slightly ridged. In rich, wet soil S. and E.* 



2. N. aquatica L. TUPELO. A large tree, similar to the preceding. 

 Leaves long-petioled, oval or ovate, acute at each end, entire or 

 coarsely toothed, the lower sometimes heart-shaped, smooth above, 

 downy beneath, 4-8 in. long. Staminate flowers in heads ; pistillate 

 flowers on long peduncles, solitary. Fruit ovoid, dark blue ; stone 

 sharply ridged. In swamps S. and E.* 



75. PYROLACEJE. PYROLA FAMILY 



Perennial herbs, evergreen or else pale and without chlo- 

 rophyll. Petals usually free from each other and falling off 

 separately after flowering. Stamens hypogynous, the anthers 



