Victorian Plants. 17 



78. Stamens usually eight or ten. 



Weak or robust shrubs, not often trees and then not very 

 tall; leaves generally scattered or whorled; stamens often 

 free from the corolla; anthers frequently dorsally appen- 

 diculated; fruit-cells more than one; placentaries fixed to 

 the inner angles of the fruit-cells; seeds usually numerous; 

 embryo straight. (Exception: Wittsteinia.) Figure 109. 



Ericaceae. 389 



Stamens almost constantly five. 



Usually climbers or twiners or creepers ; leaves mostly 

 scattered; corolla generally much folded; fruit- cells two 

 or more; placentaries fixed to the fruit- angles at the base 

 of the cavity; seeds definite in number, erect; embryo 

 usually twisted or folded. Convolvulaceae. 390 



79. Pollen denned into two or four massules. 



Leaves nearly always opposite; anthers connate; pollen- 

 massules affixed to five distinct processes; stigma un- 

 divided, dilated; fruit normally consisting of two distinct 

 elongated and one-celled fruitlets, one fruitlet sometimes 

 undeveloped; seeds nearly always terminated by a tuft of 

 soft hairlets. Figure 102. Asclepiadeae. 394 



Pollen undefined in form, powdery ... ... ... 80 



80. Fruit usually consisting of two distinct fruitlets. 



Leaves generally opposite ; anthers connivent ; stigma 

 annular-dilated; fruit sometimes solitary, seldom two- 

 celled, or occasionally one of the two fruitlets undeveloped. 

 Figure 101. Apocyneae. 397 



Fruit usually four-lobed from the concrescence of as 

 many fruitlets as lobes. 



Herbs or less often shrubs, rarely tall trees; leaves frequently 

 scattered, some not rarely basal, often as well as the 

 branchlets and inflorescence beset with stiff hairlets; 

 fruitlets generally small and dry ; seeds pendent. Figure 

 106. Asperifoliae. 398 



81. Fruit usually four-lobed. 



Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees small or exceptionally of tall- 

 ness; leaves constantly opposite; lobes of the corolla in 

 two unequal sets; stamens two or four and then the two 

 lower the longest; style one; stigmas nearly always two; 

 seeds erect, solitary in each fruitlet. Figure 107. 



Labiatae. 405 



