126 ECHINOIDEA. I. 



That this form is widely different from Toxocidaris tubcrcidahis is evident from the characters 

 mentioned here; on the other hand the globiferons pedicellarice show that it is rather closely allied to 

 Strongylocentrotus. But the peculiar spicules and the petaloid pore areas characterizes it sufficienth' 

 as a separate genus, which keeps, of course, the name of Antlwcidaris. Liitken (loc. cit.| regards it 

 as identical with Echinus homalostonia Valenc; I do not know whether this is correct, but it is so far 

 of no consequence, as this species will, at all events, get the name of Anthocidaris homalostonia. I 

 suppose that this species has hitherto been confounded with Toxocidaris fnbercnlafns., which it resem- 

 bles to some degree, and which is also said to occur at Japan. T. tuberculahis^ however, is indigenous 

 in the Australian seas, and until renewed examinations have corroborated its occurrence at Japan, I 

 must suppose a confounding with A. honialosfoma to have taken place. As to habitus A. Iiomalostoina 

 is very similar to Pseudocentrotus depressus, whicli latter has also petaloid ambulacra; but its colour 

 is (always?) browni.sh red, and it is somewhat more flattened. The examination of pedicellaria; and 

 s])icules will immediately show them to be two widely different forms. 



Where the species Sir. fiicxicamis., iiud/is., and globulosiis are to be referred, cannot be seen 

 from the existing descriptions. The other species referred to Strongylocentrotus thus prove to belong 

 to no fewer than 6 different genera: Strongylocentrotus^ Pseudocetitrotiis, Loxechin7ts, Paracentrotus, 

 Toxocidaris^ and Anthocidaris, and it may perhaps even be necessary to divide the first one into two 

 genera. And these genera are excellenth' characterized, and so far from being closeh" allied, that they 

 are to be groujDed into three different families. We can scarcely wish for a more striking proof of the 

 insufficiency of the characters that are taken only from the test and the spines. 



Stomopneustcs variolaris (Lamk.). Of this very peculiar form I am able to give some new 

 informations; I have not, however, had material sufficient for clearing up everything that might be 

 wished for. — A primary tubercle is only found on ever}- fourth or fifth ambulacral plate; each of 

 these large tubercles spreads over more plates — but it is difficult to decide o\er how man\-, as no 

 boundary lines are seen between the plates; it ma}', however, be seen from the pores that the fact is 

 so, as more arcs are found opposite to each tubercle. Two ocular plates reach to the perij^roct. The 

 buccal membrane contains numerous lengthened, fine fenestrated plates, of which a few are a little 

 complicate and carr}- pedicellariae. Small spines are found on the buccal plate.s. The gills contain 

 numerous, mostl}' three-radiate spicules (PI. X\'II. Fig. 13), but not the connnon irregular fenestrated 

 plates. The globiferons pedicellarise are of a quite unique form. Tliere is no end-tooth, but tlic l^lade 

 ends truncately with a long tooth in each corner (PI. XVII. Fig. 17), sometimes two teeth on one side, 

 or that on tlie one side a little below the corner. These teeth have no poison canal, and upon the 

 whole no poison gland seems to be found (I liavc not, however, been able to ascertain this fact witli 

 full certainty). The blade is open, rather flat, tlie apojihysis ends abruptly without any widening 

 above. There is no neck, and the stalk is very short and compact. This ver}- pecuHar, large, and 

 powerful form of pedicellarite is, unfortunate!}', very scarce; in the two specimens I have examined, 

 1 ha\e onl}' been able to find one in each specimen, ])laced in one of the interaml^ulacral furrow.s 

 near the ambitus. Besides another, smaller form of globiferons pedicellarise seems to be found, with 

 end-tooth and i — i lateral tooth, very similar to those of Paracentrotus livid?cs\ but 1 \\a\& not l)een 

 able to make quite sure of tliis fact. The tridentate pedicellariae are distinguished 1)} the apophysis 



