PENNATULIDA. ,c 



name iVirgularia gracilis^^ has long ago been used by Gabb and Verrill for another, Californian, 

 species'). I have therefore used as specific name, Koren and Danielssen's oldest name for the genus 

 which, I think, is quite descriptive in itself. 



Koren and Danielssen originalh' established the genus Ciadisciis witli the species CI. gracilis 

 on a single, fragmentar\' specimen (Fauna litt. III. p. 102); the genus was referred to the subfamily 

 Funictdinccr of the family of the Virgularias in the (old) system of Kcilliker; later, Kolliker (Chall. Rep. 

 p. 35) placed this sgenus:> far from the Virgulariae in his family Profflcau/idcr^). This erroneous posi- 

 tion — far from the Virgnlarise — is, I think, essentially due to the misinterpretation of certain 

 features in the structure of the colony by Koren and Danielssen, which misinterpretation, among other 

 things, led them to establish the genus Ciadisciis. The fact is that in the original diagnosis of this genus, 

 only the following essential features are mentioned viz. that the cells are situated separately', and sthe 

 zooids ventral . (Lateral zooids are not mentioned). In the description of the single specimen of the species 

 CI. gracilis upon which the genus has been established, it is said of these zooids: «On the ventral 



surface there appears a series of scattered zooids which, in the spaces between the groups of 



cells are more agglomerated, become larger, and form strong ventral protuberances of a very peculiar, 

 as it were, crenulated appearance; the zooids, which are ver)- much elongated, lying in the protuber- 

 ances nearly in fan-like arrangement (fig. 15 a). In each protuberance there are from 20 to 25 zooids . 

 Later (Bergens Mus. Nye Alcyonider etc. p. 23) with the help of a new species CI. Lm^eni the generic 

 characters have been supplemented with a remark that the lower end of the axis is knob-shaptd 

 (which is not correct); on the other hand, nothing whatever is said in the altered diagnosis as to 

 zooids. According to the description, the new species is not provided with the above mentioned 

 «ventral zooids , but on the contrary with a single series of 3 — 4 lateral zooids below each wing. At 

 the same time, the authors protest against Kolliker's transferring the genus Ciadisciis to the family 

 Protocatilidcr, in which the cahx of the polyps is said to be wanting3), justh" drawing attention to 

 the fact that the polyps are here provided with distinct <cells ; but when they then place their genus 

 in the family Protoptilidce K611., they are still farther in the wrong. Finalh-, the same authors again 

 find in a third species C/. AWZ/Xv/-/ (Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition p. 57) the ventral zooids>, 

 arranged upon the whole as in CI. gracilis, but bell-shaped and containing sexual organs (!) (comp. I.e. 

 PL II, figs. 8—13); further, two transverse rows (each of three individuals) of lateral zooids below the 

 wings. From a close examination of the type-specimens of these three Cladiscus-s^&c\&% in the Bergen 

 Museum (where I have also examined the later added specimens of CI. Lovcni, mentioned by Grieg 

 (1. c. p. 20)) it was easy for me to see: i) that the specimen described as CI. gracilis has also lateral 

 zooids, 2) that in CI. Loveni the same ventral zooids are found as in the two other species , and 3) that 

 the lateral zooids in all three species ma\- occur in a single row, or some may be placed in such a 

 way that the row seems double. As the number of polyps in the wings, three or four, which number 

 varies with growth, cannot be used here as a distinguishing specific character there can be no doubt 



1) This species is hardly caracterized in such a way, that one wuuld recognize it from the original description only. 

 Conip. KoUiker, Monogr. p. 215. 



2) This family (under the section Spicater. subsection Junci/ormes) consists in KoUiker of the genera Prolocaulon 

 KoU., and Cladisats Kor. Dan.; as both the genera must be abandoned, Uie family must also be dropped. Marshall & Fowler 

 (Rep. Penn. <.Porcupinei> p. 462) had seen already that its place was unnatural. 



3) lu -Protocaulont, however, a calyx is found. See above p. 31. 



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