ZOANTHARIA 



It consists of numerous reticular, anastomosing canals, which are generally fairly narrow but somewhat 

 thicker towards the opening of the carcinoecium. A very large canal cc, which is in connection with 

 the other reticulate branched canals, runs along the upper rim of the opening of the carcinoecium 

 and is afterwards lost in the columellar region, where it divides into some smaller canals. Numerous 

 cells and cell-islets occur in the thick part of the mesogloea; in the part lying inside the canals, the 

 cells and cell-islets are very scarce. No incrustations are found in the mesogloea. 



Epizoanthus norvegicus (Kor. & Dan.) Hadd. & Shackl. 



PI. I, fig. 12, PI. 2, fig. 22, PI. 3, fig. 3, PI. 5, fig.s. 2, 3. 



Zoanthus norvegicus n. sp. Koren & Danielssen. Fauna littoral. Norveg. 3, 1877 p. 79, Tabl. 9, 



figs. 5-6. 

 Polythoa{Endeithoa) norvcgica (Kor. & Dan.) Andres Le Attinie 1883, p. 531. 

 Epizoanthus norvegicus (Kor. & Dan.) Haddon & Shackleton Scient. Trans. R. Dublin Soc, 



p. 614, 132, 651, 652, PI. 59, fig. 5. 

 Paly f //on norvegica (Kor. &. Dan.) Arndt Jahresb. Schl. Gesells. vaterl. Cultur 1912, p. 123. 



Occurrence: Norway Trondhjem Fjord: Skarn Sound on Primnoa 100— 200 m. 3 — 11/9, 1898, 

 0stergrcn R. M., Storm. Bergen Mus. 



Haakon Sound 280 fms. from Bergen Mus. R. M. 



(Korsfjord near Bergen 300 fms. Koren & Danielssen, Sars). 



I^ives on sponges, shells of Lima e.xcavata, Primnoa and Paragorgia (Koren & Danielssen). 



Dimensions: The greatest length of the polyps is 2'5 cm., greatest breadth in the distal 

 part 08 cm., smallest breadth in the proximal part 0-5 cm. Outer tentacles 0'8 cm., inner ones somewhat 

 longer (Koren & Danielssen). 



Colour (from Koren & Danielssen): "The body is grayish yellow, the inside of the 

 epidermis, the proper skin, is pale rose-coloured with a tinge of yellow. The month surrounded by a 

 darker rose-coloured ring, from which fine white stripes go radially to the interior tentacles". 



External appearance: The polyps are considerably larger than broad, narrow at the base 

 and broader at the distal part. In the contracted state the distal part of the polyp is rounded not 

 truncate. The larger polyps at least have distinct capitular furrows, which are specially prominent 

 in expanded specimens, as they are broad. In the specimens I have examined the number of capitular 

 furrows was 16—20, in most specimens 20, and one specimen (a double individual, see below) had 

 even up to 24. Between the capitular furrows are distinct, fairly sharp ridges, which in the distal 

 part often form irregular, tap-like projections. 



The polyps are connected with each other b)- means of a very well-developed coenenchyme, 

 which is fairly thick and from which the polyps arise usually at a considerable distance from each 

 other. The canals from the polyps begin to communicate a little way from the polyps, forming a 

 network apparent to the naked eye. 



The species forms large colonies. Koren and Danielssen state, that it is found "frequently 



