76 



Darwin, and after Darwin. 



as examples, by not only restricting these to cases 

 which occur in our own organization ; but of them I 

 shall mention only such as refer us to the very last 

 stage of our ancestral history — viz. structures which 



Fig. 11. — Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the 

 human ear. (From Grays Anatomy^ 



have become obsolescent since the time when our dis- 

 tinctivelyhumanbranch of the family tree diverged from 

 that of our immediate forefathers, the Quadrumana. 



(i) Mtiscles of the external ear. — These, which are 

 of large size and functional use in quadrupeds, we 



