452 



Index. 



Bear, skeleton of, 174; feet of, 

 178. 



Beautiful, the, sense of, in animals, 

 3S0-3S5 ; standards of, 380 

 404; Darwin's explanation of, 

 in organic nature, .^79-411 ; 

 facts of, in inorganic nature in 

 relation to Darwin's theory of, 

 in organic, 404 ; often determined 

 by natural selection, 406, 407 ; 

 absent in many plants and 

 animals, 408 ; in nature often 

 accidental, 409-411 ; does not 

 exist in organic nature as an 

 cy\A per se, 4 10, 41 1. 



Bees, co-operative instincts of, 

 26S. 



Beetles, wingless, 68-70 ; on 

 oceanic islands, 224, 226, 229, 

 232 



Bell, Dr., on natural theology, 413. 



Bell-bird, 396-398. 



Bembidium, 233. 



Bermudas, 225-227. 



Biology, ideas of method in, 1-9. 



Birds, ovum of, 124; embryology 

 of, 151-155; palaeontology of, 

 163-165, 172, 173; brain of, 

 194-197 ; as carriers of seed, 

 eggs, and small organisms, 217, 

 218; distribution of, 224-240; 

 sesthetic sense of, 380-385 ; 

 courtship of, 3S0-3S5. 



Birgus latro, 62-65. 



Blood, colour of arterial, 409. 



Boar, see Pig. 



Boinbus lapidariiis. 331. 



Bower-birds, play-houses of. 3S1- 



Boyd-Dawkins, on flattening of 



early human tibiae, 96. 

 Brain, paleontology of, 194-197. 

 British I.-les, see Islands. 

 Broca, 363. 

 Bronn, 363. 



Budding, see Germination. 

 Burdon-Sanderson, Piof.,onelectric 



organ of skate, 366. 

 Butler, Bishop, on argument from 



ignorance, 41. 

 Butterflies, deieiisive colouring of, 



321-329. 



Caesalpino, on classification, 24. 

 Calf, embryology of, 153. 

 Camel, foot of, 1S7-191. 

 Canadian stag, 196, 198, 199. 

 Canaries, portraits of, 303 ; firbt 



mentioned by Gesner, 312, 313. 

 Cape de Verde Archipelagoes, 



fauna of, 2 ?8. 

 Carchanas melanoplerus. 149. 

 Carruthers, on evolution, 436-442. 

 Caterpillars, colours and forms 



of, 319, 32-' 326. 

 Cattle, portraits of, 311. 

 Causation, natural, 402, 413, 414. 

 Caves, faunas of dark, 70-72. 

 Cell, physiological, and properties 



of the, 104-134. 

 Centra vimila, 325, 326. 

 Cci-valces Americaincs, 196, 198, 



'99- 



Cervus dici-ocertts, issiodorensis, 

 mathcronis, pardinensis, Sedg- 

 wickii. tctraceros, 168. 



Chalmers, Dr., on natural theology, 

 412. 



Chameleons, 317. 



Characters, as adaptive, 273-276, 

 286-293, 349' ^s specific, 274- 

 276, 286-295 ; as congenital 

 and acquired, 274-276. 



Chasmorhynchus nivetis, and C. 

 tricarunciilatus, 396-3 8. 



Chelydra serpentina, anterior limb 

 ol, 179-181. 



Chick, embryology of, 153. 



Chimpanzee, see Apes. 



Chlorophyll, 40^. 



Chondracanthus cornuttis, 122. 



Cirripedes, 430. 



Classification, 23-49 ! of organic 

 nature by Genesis and Leviticus, 

 23 ; artificial and natural, 24- 

 26 ; empirical rules of, 33-40 ; 

 Darwin on, 35, 36, 39, 40 ; form 

 of, a ne.xus or tree, 29-32; 

 of organic forms like that of 

 languages, 32 ; single characters 

 in relation to, 37 ; aggregates of 

 characters in relation to, 35-37 : 

 adaptive and non-adaptive cha- 



