OF INSECTS. 295 



gists, was established by Kirby for the reception of 

 the Linnean genus Phryganea, previously associated 

 with the Neuroptera, but to which its characters by 

 no means conform. Instead of being reticulated, 

 the neuration of the wings is simply branching, the 

 nervures disposed in a manner bearing some resem- 

 blance to that observed among the Lepidoptera. 

 The upper pair are mostly hairy, (hence the name 

 from ^/^, f'%o, hair,) the under pair ample and 

 folded. The organs of the mouth are in a great 

 measure obsolete, the mandibles being either entirely 

 wanting or very imperfect. Such is likewise the 

 case with the maxillae and labium, but the palpi 

 are developed. The abdomen is never furnished 

 with terminal setae, and the tibiae of many are 

 armed with two pair of spurs, as in many kinds of 

 moths. 



The larvae are aquatic, and construct a kind of 

 case to reside in, from which circumstance they are 

 often called case-worms. These cases are formed 

 of various materials, and often present a singular 

 appearance by being stuck over with small shells, 

 pebbles, &c. The pupa is incomplete, and is en- 

 closed in the case constructed by the larva, a grating 

 being formed at the end, apparently for the purpose 

 of facilitating respiration. The perfect insects' are 

 usually termed caddice-flies, and are frequently used, 

 as well as the larvae, by anglers as a bait for fish. 

 They fly heavily, and commonly settle on bushes 

 near the water's edge. Most of them are of a brown 

 colour, with little variety of markings. Probably 



