CONTENTS 



PAGE 



CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 



Definition of Biology. Reasons for study. Organic things. In- 

 organic things. Familiar biology. 



CHAPTER II. THE LIKENESS OF LIVING THINGS 5 



Processes common to organic things. 

 CHAPTER III. ELEMENTS, THE ALPHABET OF LIVING THINGS 9 



Oxygen and oxidation. Occurrence, properties and uses of other 



common elements. 



CHAPTER IV. COMPOUNDS, BIOLOGY'S BUILDING MATERIALS 18 



Water; Carbon dioxide; Proteids; Fats; Carbohydrates; 

 Method of testing. 



CHAPTER V. PROTOPLASM, THE "Bios" OF BIOLOGY 25 



Protoplasm, its composition and properties. Cell, Tissues, Organs, 

 System. Adaptation. 



CHAPTER VI. THE STRUCTURE OF SEEDS 31 



Parts of typical seed. Bean and Corn seeds as examples. 



CHAPTER VII. GERMINATION 41 



Conditions necessary. Stages hi germination. Corn and Bean. 



CHAPTER VIII. ROOTS 49 



Characteristics. Structure. Functions. Adaptations. 



CHAPTER IX. ABSORPTION AND OSMOSIS 58 



Use of water to plants. Turgescence. Osmosis, definition and 

 essentials for. Root hairs. Geotropism. Hydrotropism. 



CHAPTER X. STEMS, THEIR FORMS AND FUNCTIONS 68 



Characteristics. Functions. Kinds of branching. Forms of stems. 

 Buds. 



CHAPTER XI. STEM STRUCTURE 75 



External structure. Grafting. Internal structure, dicot. and monocot. 

 types. 



CHAPTER XII. LEAVES AND LEAF STRUCTURE 86 



Functions. General structure. Minute structure. Adaptation. 

 Modified forms. Fall of leaves. 



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